A Comprehensive Review on Application of Spark Discharge Method (SDM) for Production of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles encompass great potential in the current era due to their small size. They are employed in a myriad of applications, from biotechnology to manufacturing and energy applications. The production of nanoparticles, therefore, has been a focus of interest for researchers since its inception. Amongst non-conventional methods for nanoparticle production, Spark Discharge has emerged as an effective and viable method. This review encapsulates various experiments and works done over the years on the application of the spark discharge method for the production of nanoparticles and postulates the prospects of future work in the field. Different ways to control nanoparticle size by altering different parameters such as dielectric medium spark frequency, the gap between electrodes, and energy per spark and flow rate have been explored. Contrast has been drawn between conventional and non-conventional processes of nanoparticle production. In conclusion, new non-conventional techniques and hybrid techniques for nanoparticle production with spark discharge methods have been discussed, along with the applications of nanoparticles in emission control, cooling and lubrication.

Keywords: Energy Application, Ferro-fluids, Lubrication, Nanoparticles, Spark Discharge method.