Developments in Ultra-Sensitive Nanoelectronic Devices for Medical Applications

The interface between nanotechnology and biotechnology is emerging as one of the latest technology with the utmost comprehensive and active areas of research, bringing together the medical science and engineering field. Scientifically a disease or an illness is mostly caused by molecular or cellular damage, and sensing these changes through nanoelectronics can play an important function in assisting medical demands for early detection and diagnosis. Implantable nanoelectronics devices create numerous applications in medical observation of specific signs, bio-physical investigations of impulsive tissues, implantable devices for different body organs, solving the previous shortcomings of conventional bioanalytical techniques in terms of sensitivity, throughput, ease-of-use, and downsizing. The advancement of nanobioelectronic systems that can activate enzyme activity, the electrically triggered medicine release, an electronic circuit-based retina for colour vision, nanotech-founded breathalyzers as an assessment tool, nanogenerators to control self-sustaining biological systems and implantation arrangement are some of the applications of nanoelectronics, and in future, we may even use nanoelectronics circuit within the body tissues to regulate its functioning. In this chapter, we give a summary of the latest advances in nanoelectronics based on nanostructures, on-chip and electronic integration, microfluidics, biochemistry, and data science toolkits, we highlight the possibility for improved performance and additional functionality.

Keywords: Biosensors, Graphene, Nanotubes, Nanosphere, Nanowires, Nanotechnology, Nanoradios, Nanophotonic.