The clinical evaluation of the renal transplant candidate is a complex medical procedure. Its
final goal is to select the patients in whom renal transplantation is likely to improve the clinical
outcome. Potential candidate should be referred to the transplant center within six months from the
onset of dialysis. The first step of the evaluation is to identify those conditions such as active alcohol or
drug abuse, cancer, infections which may represent a major barrier to a successful transplant. If present,
they should be removed before any further step in the evaluation process. Special attention should be
focused on the detection of any active neoplastic disease and an adequate disease free interval,
generally between 2 and 5 years, should be allowed prior to transplant. Similarly, careful evaluation and
treatment of any active infectious disease should be undertaken prior to transplant. Cardiovascular
diseases represent the major cause of death in patients with renal failure as well as in transplant
recipients. Their detection and treatment in the evaluation process greatly improve the clinical outcome
of the transplant recipients.
Keywords: Neoplastic Disease, Infections, Glomerular Disease, Gastrointestinal Disease, Cardiovascular
Disease, Hepatitis C, Chronic Hepatitis, Waiting List, End-Stage Renal Disease, Kidney Disease.
