All countries are encouraged to introduce routine HPV vaccination into their
health programs. A range of screening and treatment protocols prevent cervical cancer
in women already infected with HPV. The clinical trials indicated that HPV-based
screening in women above the age of 30 is the most effective option. The main
problems are that the licensed HPV vaccines are too expensive for universal use and
they are not targeted against all HPV genotypes. Thus, the future generation of
preventive vaccines must address two main issues such as lowering the cost of the
vaccine for developing countries, and increasing the number of HPV types covered in
order to maximize protection against HPV-associated malignancies. Moreover, several
factors demonstrate the need for a therapeutic vaccine rather than preventive vaccine.
The most critical of these factors is the high prevalence of existing HPV infection
worldwide. In this chapter, future prospects of preventive and therapeutic vaccines will
be discussed. Among these methods, combined therapy is of interest for improvement
of these vaccines.
Keywords: Cancer, HPV infection, Prospects in prevention, Prospects in
treatment, Vaccine.
