This book is a guide to the application of ionic liquids (ILs) in the oil industry. It includes ten chapters that review basic and advanced topics. Starting with a general introduction to IL structure and properties, the book comprehensively explains the use of ILs in key petroleum extraction processes such as pollutant removal, demulsification, crude oil transport and oil recovery. Additional applications that are important for the sustainability management of petrochemical operations such as deepwell hydrate inhibition, CO2 capture, corrosion engineering, catalysis, hydrocarbon separation, bitumen extraction and stabilization are also included. Each chapter also provides bibliographic references for further reading. The wide range of topics makes this an informative reference to students and professionals in petroleum engineering, chemical engineering programs and any other training course that requires reading material for an understanding of the oil industry. General readers and researchers interested in the fascinating chemistry of ionic liquids will also enjoy this book.

This e-book focuses on the application of artificial intelligence resources in fields related to Control and Automation Engineering. Techniques such as neural networks, fuzzy logic and expert systems are a key tool for researchers and engineers requiring powerful solutions to a wide range of problems. The e-book should be a useful guide for these engineers and presents practical examples of real cases where these techniques have been successfully applied.

Risk management is a process through which an organization methodically analyses risks inherent in all of its operational activities with the aim of minimizing damage to physical assets or occupational health hazards. Risk Management, therefore, should be a central element in the management strategy of any organization as it plays a crucial role in giving the organization a sustainable operational advantage. Safety Science: Methods to Prevent Incidents and Worker Health Damage at the Workplace is a handbook for management students and working professionals (safety professionals, human resource managers, insurance officers etc.) interested in the science of risk management and methods to implements safety standards at the workplace. The book introduces readers to the concept of occupational risk and occupational health management. It explains the concepts relevant to these topics such as safety economy valuation and asset integrity management. Assessment tools related to qualitative and quantitative risk management, incident and vulnerability analysis are also provided. Additionally, readers will find information on the human factors and methods to improve human engagement in risk management as well as information about current safety standards and systems in organizations around the world.

Building Information Modeling (BIM), or the process of generating and managing digital information about physical representations of constructions, has been effectively adopted and benefited numerous civil engineering projects across the globe, particularly in developed countries. BIM Development and Trends in Developing Countries addresses the philosophies and practices for improved application of BIM in developing countries. Two case studies are presented in this reference: one from Malaysia and another representing Sri Lanka. Readers are given an introduction and background of the Malaysian and Sri Lankan construction industry and a critical review of BIM’s philosophies, development and applications in different stages of a construction project. The authors present their recommendations on the way forward for BIM practices articulated from the two perspectives, namely, academia and industrial BIM practice. The case studies in this book highlight the role of adequate BIM software techniques and the importance of governmental support in facing building challenges at the moment. . BIM Development and Trends in Developing Countries provides readers useful insights on the evolution of BIM practice in emerging countries and is a unique report on two specific scenarios in BIM development. Engineers, architects, urban planners and policy makers around the globe seeking to understand practical BIM implementation and trends will find this reference invaluable.

Continuous efforts to develop new semiconductor devices enable device manufacturers to make significant improvements in the information technology sector. Bipolar transistors and MOSFETS are two special electronic device components that are used to construct very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, allowing engineers to create powerful machines that are power efficient. VLSI device characterization depends largely on semiconductor device modeling which is based on physical and electronic principles. Bipolar transistor and MOSFET device models is a textbook that describes basic functions and characterization models of these two types of transistors. Readers will learn about the processes employed to derive these models which will help them understand the modeling process. Chapters in this text cover the fundamentals of semiconductor devices, the pn junction, high and low injection region models for bipolar transistors, and different MOSFET models such as channel doping models and gated SOI models. Key features of this book include: - step by step, easy to understand presentation of model information on innovative semiconductor devices - an overview of model derivation, assumptions, approximations and limitations - novel experimental information on semiconductor parameters such as gate fringe capacitance, silicided source/drain resistance, and threshold voltage shift Bipolar transistor and MOSFET device models is an essential learning resource for advanced students and professional engineers involved in semiconductor device modeling and fabrication divisions.

This reference is a comprehensive guide to carbon quantum/ dots (CQDs) for researchers. The book includes ten chapters that explain the synthesis of CQDs, their chemical properties and their application in the field of nanotechnology. The content starts with a detailed introduction to CQDs, followed by the synthesis, chemical properties, and characterization of quantum dots. Subsequent chapters cover CQD application in the fabrication of biomedical materials, chemical sensing, wastewater treatment, toxicology, and energy storage. The final chapter of the book explores the future prospects of these quantum dots which gives a glimpse of new horizons in research and development. This book provides guidance to students and researchers who require an understanding of carbonaceous quantum dots. It also serves as a handbook for professionals, researchers and students working in chemical technology sectors.

Catalysis is an area of chemical sciences which has fascinated a wide range of academicians, researchers, chemical technologists and industries throughout the world. Progress in this field has been made owing to the thrust provided by this research and commercial interest. The field of catalysis is interdisciplinary by its nature, as it requires knowledge of organic synthesis, coordination and organometallic chemistry, reaction kinetics and mechanisms, stereochemical concepts and materials science. Fundamentals and Prospects of Catalysis highlights many important topics and sub-disciplines in catalysis by presenting 7 chapters on different but varied catalytic processes. This volume presents the following topics: · Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiroacetals and Bridged Acetals · Design and Development of Bimetallic Enantioselective Salen Co Catalysts for The Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides · Recent Trend in Asymmetric Heterogeneous Flow Catalysis · Ball Milling: A Green Tool in Synthetic Organic Chemistry · Recent Advances in the Developments of Enantioselective Electrophilic Fluorination Reactions via Organocatalysis · Green and Sustainable Biocatalytic Routes to Prepare Biobased Polyols as Precursors for Polyurethanes with Comparison of Existing Biobased Polyol Technology · Polymers Used as Catalysts <p> Catalysis: Current and Future Developments is a book series that covers theoretical, experimental and applied research on catalysis and their role in enhancing the rate of chemical reactions. The scope of topics covered by volumes in the series include heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, bio-catalysis, aspects of catalyst preparation, activation, aging, deactivation, rejuvenation, adsorption, synthesis and catalytic functions of new catalysts (which include novel inorganic solids and metal complexes). The series also presents reviews on surface chemistry, and commercially important model catalysts and catalytic processes.

Focusing on reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, automotive manufacturers are developing electric vehicles (EV) to replace fuel and diesel vehicles starting in 2030 onwards. The EVs, with their green power supplies maximize environmental benefits with zero emissions thereby lowering air pollution levels. There is now an increased demand for stable electric storage systems (ESS) that are part of the design of new electric vehicles. This timely reference gives an overview of modern electrical power systems applied in the current generation of electric vehicles which require an ESS, and how these can be utilized for simultaneous power and data communication. The book starts with an introduction to the topic, before giving a summary of the green power trend for the electric vehicle market. The book then delves into the theoretical and analytical framework required to understand adaptive compensation of the magnetic inductive system (ACMIS), based on zero voltage switch (ZVS). The chapters demonstrate how these systems are used for transmitting electric power from a single-end inverter combined with a compensated network of parallel to parallel (P-P) type and an auto-tuning impedance of LC tank. The book also covers the experimental method for a multifunctional contactless power flow of the G2V mode and bidirectional outer communication and inner communication with giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect for car parking guidance. The experiment shows how to analyze data transferring performance including the current trimming method and how to evaluate data transmission quality according to the relevant parameters. Overall the book serves to familiarize automotive engineers and industry professionals involved in the electric vehicle market with the issues that surround wireless power charging and data transfer systems for electric vehicles, and introduces them to more coherent designs.

This book is tailored to fulfil the requirements in the area of the signal processing in communication systems. The book contains numerous examples, solved problems and exercises to explain the methodology of Fourier Series, Fourier Analysis, Fourier Transform and properties, Fast Fourier Transform FFT, Discrete Fourier Transform DFT and properties, Discrete Cosine Transform DCT, Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT and Contourlet Transform CT. The book is characterized by three directions, the communication theory and signal processing point of view, the mathematical point of view and utility computer programs. The contents of this book include chapters in communication system and signals, Fourier Series and Power Spectra, Fourier Transform and Energy Spectra, Fourier Transform and Power Spectra, Correlation Function and Spectral Density, Signal Transmission and Systems, Hilbert Transform, Narrow Band-Pass Signals and Systems and Numerical Computation of Transform Coding. This book is intended for undergraduate students in institutes, colleges, universities and academies who want to specialize in the field of communication systems and signal processing. The book will also be very useful to engineers of graduate and post graduate studies as well as researchers in research centers since it contains a great number of mathematical operations that are considered important in research results.

Symbolic analyzers have the potential to offer knowledge to sophomores as well as practitioners of analog circuit design. Actually, they are an essential complement to numerical simulators, since they provide insight into circuit behavior which numerical analyzers do not provide. Symbolic analysis of electronic circuits addresses the generation of symbolic expressions for the parameters that describe the performance of linear and nonlinear circuits in three domains: DC, AC and time; some or all the circuit parameters can be kept as symbols. Due to the fact that these expressions remain valid during the change of component values (as long as models remain valid), designers can have both, an insight into the behavior of the network and use the expressions to optimize the circuit’s performances. This e-book presents, details and exemplifies famous symbolic analysis techniques. Industrial R&D topics, recent developments and future trends in the field of symbolic analysis are also highlighted. This makes the e-book a good resource for circuit analysis. Thus, it is intended for students and researchers as well as for industry designers.