Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Mechanics and Advanced Materials

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-1845
ISSN (Online): 2666-1853

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Adiabatic Shear Failure of Ultrafine Grained Titanium Under Impact Loading: An in-situ Experimental Study

Author(s): Qichao Ruan, Yazhou Guo*, Qiuming Wei and Yulong Li

Volume 2, Issue 1, 2022

Published on: 13 April, 2022

Article ID: e070322201822 Pages: 22

DOI: 10.2174/2666184502666220307122558

Abstract

Background: Ultrafine-grained (UFG) titanium, which is with high yield strength, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, is widely used in biomedical and industrial applications. However, adiabatic shear localization (ASL) is often observed in UFG materials due to their worse deformation stability under impact loading. This instability will easily result in the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASB), a narrow band located in the ASL zoom, and finally cause the fracture of the material. The main objective of this work is to study the adiabatic shear behavior of UFG titanium under impact loading, including macro- and micro-properties, temperature rise, ASB failure, etc.

Methods: A synchronization apparatus, which consisted of Kolsky bar system, high-speed camera system and high-speed infrared temperature measuring system, was set up to carry out the in-situ study of the mechanical properties, temperature rise, and adiabatic shear failure process of UFG pure titanium. Microstructure of the material was also analyzed in this work.

Results: The critical strain of UFG pure titanium for adiabatic shear localization is about 0.37 and 0.69 for UFG Ti and CG Ti, respectively. The peak shear stress of UFG Ti is 500MPa. The propagation velocity of ASB in UFG titanium is 533~800m/s, and 160~320m/s for CG Ti. The temperature rsie within ASB of UFG titanium is 307~732℃, and 212-556℃ for CG Ti. The intense temperature rise is after the peak stress and the initiation of ASB most of the time.

Conclusion: UFG Ti has good mechanical properties, however, it is easier to form ASB and cause adiabatic shear failure under impact loading when compared with CG Ti. Temperature rise may not play a major role in the formation of ASB in UFG Ti, but maybe the consequence of ASB. Results of this work will help researchers better understand the failure of UFG metals under impact loading.

Keywords: Ultrafine-grained, adiabatic shear, infrared temperature measurement, high-speed photography, pure titanium, CG titanium.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
M.A. Meyers, A. Mishra, and D.J. Benson, "Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials", Prog. Mater. Sci., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 427-556, 2006.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.08.003]
[2]
Y. Wang, M. Chen, F. Zhou, and E. Ma, "High tensile ductility in a nanostructured metal", Nature, vol. 419, no. 6910, pp. 912-915, 2002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01133] [PMID: 12410306]
[3]
T.H. Fang, W.L. Li, N.R. Tao, and K. Lu, "Revealing extraordinary intrinsic tensile plasticity in gradient nano-grained copper", Science, vol. 331, no. 6024, pp. 1587-1590, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1200177] [PMID: 21330487]
[4]
Y.T. Zhu, and X. Liao, "Nanostructured metals: Retaining ductility", Nat. Mater., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 351-352, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1141] [PMID: 15173850]
[5]
Y.L. Bai, "Thermal-plastic instability in simple shear", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 195-207, 1982.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(82)90029-1]
[6]
T.W. Wright, The physics and mathematics of adiabatic shear bands. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, New York., Port Melbourne: Madrid, Cape Town, 2002.
[7]
B. An, Z. Li, X. Diao, H. Xin, Q. Zhang, X. Jia, Y. Wu, K. Li, and Y. Guo, "In vitro and in vivo studies of ultrafine-grain Ti as dental implant material processed by ECAP", Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 67, pp. 34-41, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.105] [PMID: 27287096]
[8]
Y.B. Xu, J. Zhang, Y. Bai, and M.A. Meyers, "Shear localization in dynamic deformation: Microstructural evolution", Metall. Mater. Trans., A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., vol. 39A, no. 4, pp. 811-843, 2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9431-z]
[9]
Q. Wei, "Strain rate effects in the ultrafine grain and nanocrystalline regimes-influence on some constitutive responses", J. Mater. Sci., vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1709-1727, 2007.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0700-9]
[10]
Q. Wei, L. Kecskes, T. Jiao, K.T. Hartwig, K.T. Ramesh, and E. Ma, "Adiabatic shear banding in ultrafine-grained Fe processed by severe plastic deformation", Acta Mater., vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1859-1869, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.12.025]
[11]
Y.Z. Guo, Y.L. Li, Z. Pan, F.H. Zhou, and Q. Wei, "A numerical study of microstructure effect on adiabatic shear instability: Application to nanostructured/ultrafine grained materials", Mech. Mater., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1020-1029, 2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.09.002]
[12]
Q. Wei, K.T. Ramesh, E. Ma, L.J. Kesckes, R.J. Dowding, V.U. Kazykhanov, and R.Z. Valiev, "Plastic flow localization in bulk tungsten with ultrafine microstructure", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 101907-101909, 2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1875754]
[13]
Q. Wei, L.J. Kecskes, and K.T. Ramesh, "Effect of low-temperature rolling on the propensity to adiabatic shear banding of commercial purity tungsten", Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 578, no. 0, pp. 394-401, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.109]
[14]
Q. Wei, Z.L. Pan, X.L. Wu, B.E. Schuster, L.J. Kecskes, and R.Z. Valiev, "Microstructure and mechanical properties at different length scales and strain rates of nanocrystalline tantalum produced by high-pressure torsion", Acta Mater., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2423-2436, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.12.042]
[15]
Q. Wei, T. Jiao, K.T. Ramesh, and E. Ma, "Nano-structured vanadium: Processing and mechanical properties under quasi-static and dynamic compression", Scr. Mater., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 359-364, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.10.010]
[16]
Z. Pan, F. Xu, S.N. Mathaudhu, L.J. Kecskes, and Q. Wei, "Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of niobium processed by equal channel angular extrusion up to 24 passes", Acta Mater., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2310-2323, 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.019]
[17]
J.G. Li, T. Suo, C. Huang, Y. Li, H. Wang, and J. Liu, "Adiabatic shear localization in nanostructured face centered cubic metals under uniaxial compression", Mater. Des., vol. 105, pp. 262-267, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.081]
[18]
Z.Z. Li, B.F. Wang, S.T. Zhao, R.Z. Valiev, K.S. Vecchio, and M.A. Meyers, "Dynamic deformation and failure of ultrafine-grained titanium", Acta Mater., vol. 125, pp. 210-218, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.11.041]
[19]
L.J. Kuang, Z.Y. Chen, Y.H. Jiang, Z.M. Wang, R.K. Wang, and C.M. Liu, "Adiabatic shear behaviors in rolled and annealed pure titanium subjected to dynamic impact loading", Mater. Sci. Eng. a-Struct. Mater. Properties Microstruct. Process., vol. 685, pp. 95-106, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.011]
[20]
Y.Z. Guo, X.Y. Sun, Q. Wei, and Y.L. Li, "Compressive responses of ultrafine-grained titanium within a broad range of strain rates and temperatures", Mech. Mater., vol. 115, pp. 22-33, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2017.07.015]
[21]
J.L. Sun, P.W. Trimby, F.K. Yan, X.Z. Liao, N.R. Tao, and J.T. Wang, "Shear banding in commercial pure titanium deformed by dynamic compression", Acta Mater., vol. 79, pp. 47-58, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.011]
[22]
T.W. Wright, "Shear band susceptibility: Work hardening materials", Int. J. Plast., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 583-602, 1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(92)90032-8]
[23]
A. Bahador, J. Umeda, R. Yamanoglu, A. Amrin, A. Alhazaa, and K. Kondoh, "Ultrafine-grain formation and improved mechanical properties of novel extruded Ti-Fe-W alloys with complete solid solution of tungsten", J. Alloys Compd., vol. 875, p. 160031, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160031]
[24]
A.V. Polyakov, G.I. Raab, I.P. Semenova, and R.Z. Valiev, "Mechanical properties of UFG Titanium: Notched fatigue and impact toughness", Mater. Lett., vol. 302, p. 130366, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130366]
[25]
A.V. Eremin, S.V. Panin, and Y.P. Sharkeev, "Fatigue behaviour of CG and UFG titanium: DIC and fractography studies", IOP Conf. Series Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 511, p. 012012, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/511/1/012012]
[26]
J.G. Li, Y.Z. Guo, and T. Suo, "Preparation of UFG-Ti by ECAP at the normal temperature and research of mechanical properties. Xiyou Jinshu Cailiao Yu Gongcheng", Rare Met. Mater. Eng., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 681-687, 2015.
[27]
X.Y. Sun, Y.Z. Guo, Q. Wei, Y.L. Li, and S.Y. Zhang, "A comparative study on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of titanium: Ultrafine grain vs. coarse grain", Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 669, pp. 226-245, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.05.093]
[28]
Z. Xu, X. Ding, W. Zhang, and F. Huang, "A novel method in dynamic shear testing of bulk materials using the traditional SHPB technique", Int. J. Impact Eng., vol. 101, pp. 90-104, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.11.012]
[29]
Z. Xu, Y. Liu, Z. Sun, H. Hu, and F. Huang, "On shear failure behaviors of an armor steel over a large range of strain rates", Int. J. Impact Eng., vol. 118, pp. 24-38, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.04.003]
[30]
M.A. Meyers, Y.B. Xu, Q. Xue, M.T. Pérez-Prado, and T.R. Mcnelley, "Microstructural evolution in adiabatic shear localization in stainless steel", Acta Mater., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1307-1325, 2003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00526-8]
[31]
A.J. Peirs, A.P. Verleysen, A.J. Degrieck, and B.F. Coghe, "The use of hat-shaped specimens to study the high strain rate shear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V", Int. J. Impact Eng., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 703-714, 2010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.08.002]
[32]
R. Clos, U. Schreppel, and P. Veit, "Experimental investigation of adiabatic shear band formation in steels", J. Phys. IV, vol. 10, no. PR9, pp. 257-262, 2000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2000943]
[33]
R. Clos, U. Schreppel, and P. Veit, "Temperature, microstructure and mechanical response during shear-band formation in different metallic materials", J. Phys. IV, vol. 110, pp. 111-116, 2003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020679]
[34]
W.W. Chen, and B. Song, Split Hopkinson (Kolsky). Bar, Springer, 2011.
[35]
A.T. Zehnder, and A.J. Rosakis, "On the temperature distribution at the vicinity of dynamically propagating cracks in 4340 steel", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 385-415, 1991.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(91)90019-K]
[36]
Z. Zhuang, Z. Liu, and Y. Cui, Dislocation Mechanism-Based Crystal Plasticity: Theory and Computation at the Micron and Submicron Scale., Academic Press: USA, 2019.
[37]
G. Taylor, "Thermally-activated deformation of BCC metals and alloys", Prog. Mater. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 29-61, 1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6425(92)90004-Q]
[38]
Q. Wei, S. Cheng, K.T. Ramesh, and E. Ma, "Effect of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain sizes on the strain rate sensitivity and activation volume: Fcc versus bcc metals", Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 381, no. 1, pp. 71-79, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.064]
[39]
B. Dodd, and Y. Bai, "Width of adiabatic shear bands", Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38-40, 1985.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1985.1.1.38]
[40]
R.S. Culver, Thermal instability strain in dynamic plastic deformation. Metallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates., Plemun Press: New York, 1973, pp. 519-530.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8696-8_29]
[41]
Z.Z. Li, S.T. Zhao, B.F. Wang, S. Cui, R.K. Chen, R.Z. Valiev, and M.A. Meyers, "The effects of ultra-fine-grained structure and cryogenic temperature on adiabatic shear localization in Titanium", Acta Mater., vol. 181, p. 181, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.09.011]
[42]
Y.G. Liu, S.B. Zhang, Z.H. Han, and Y.J. Zhao, "Influence of grain size on the thermal conduction of nanocrystalline copper", Acta Phys. Sin., vol. 2016, p. 65, 2016.
[43]
M.Q. Jiang, and L.H. Dai, "On the origin of shear banding instability in metallic glasses", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 1267-1292, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2009.04.008]
[44]
Y. Guo, Q. Ruan, S. Zhu, Q. Wei, H. Chen, J. Lu, B. Hu, X. Wu, Y. Li, and D. Fang, "Temperature rise associated with adiabatic shear band: Causality clarified", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 122, no. 1, p. 015503, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.015503] [PMID: 31012723]
[45]
Y.Z. Guo, Q.C. Ruan, S.X. Zhu, Q. Wei, J.N. Lu, B. Hu, X.H. Wu, and Y.L. Li, "Dynamic failure of titanium: Temperature rise and adiabatic shear band formation", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, vol. 135, p. 103811, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2019.103811]
[46]
Y. Bai, "Adiabatic shear banding", Res Mechanica, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 133-203, 1990.
[47]
S.M. Walley, "Shear localization: A historical overview", Metall. Mater. Trans., A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2629-2654, 2007.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9271-x]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
57
8
3
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy