This reference summarizes information about pharmaceuticals that can target infectious strains of coronaviruses to neutralize infections. Chapters focus on SARS-CoV-2, drug discovery methods and natural methods to combat the virus, which is a causative agent of COVID-19. Specifically, the book presents 5 chapters written by expert scholar on the following topics: Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches Applied to SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent COVID- 19) Potential Antiviral Medicinal Plants against Novel SARS-CoV-2 Infections Caused by SARS Coronaviruses: Main Characteristics, Targets and Inhibitors Natural Sourced Traditional Indian and Chinese Medicines to Combat COVID- 19 Peptidomimetic and Peptide-Derived Agents Against 3CLpro from Coronaviruses The book contents present both conventional drug design and traditional approaches to discovering relevant drugs in an easy-to-read approach, which is supplemented by bibliographic references. It is intended as a reference for students (pharmacology, pharmacy) and researchers (virology) who are seeking information about antiviral drugs that can be used against coronaviruses.

Since ancient times, yeasts have been used for brewing and breadmaking processes. They now represent a flagship organism for alcoholic fermentation processes. The ubiquity of some yeast species also offers microbiologists a heterologous gene-expression platform, making them a model organism for studying eukaryotes. Yeasts: from Nature to Bioprocesses brings together information about the origin and evolution of yeasts, their ecological relationships, and the main taxonomic groups into a single volume. The book initially explores six significant yeast genera in detailed chapters. The book then delves into the main biotechnological processes in which both prospected and engineered yeasts are successfully employed. Yeasts: from Nature to Bioprocesses, therefore, elucidates the leading role of these single-cell organisms for industrial microbiology in environmental, health, social, and economic terms. This book is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary resource for general readers as well as scholars of all levels who want to know all about yeast microbiology and their industrial applications.

Waste management is one of the major challenges for environmental and public health organizations for maintaining safety standards in any area. Population growth and urbanization increase the difficulty in maintaining a sustainable waste management system. Bioremediation refers to the use of living organisms in processes designed to remove toxic chemicals present in waste material. Bioremediation represents a sustainable way to remove a range of environmental pollutants. Bioremediation: Challenges and Advancements covers the subject of bioremediation in eight chapters that focus on a broad range of waste sources, their adverse impacts on the ecosystem, and the advanced strategies for their remediation. Each chapter also highlights the problems encountered in bioremediation processes. Key features: - Comprehensive coverage of bioremediation in 8 reader-friendly chapters - Highlights methods and challenges of bioremediation in one volume. - Introduces the reader to bioremediation - Explains recent biotechnological methods for removing heavy metals and xenobiotic compounds - Describes strategies including physical, chemical, and biological methods to mitigate radioactive waste from contaminated sites and water bodies - Details the use of microbial-aided remediation techniques for the management of biomedical and electronic wastes, and its impact on the ecosystem - Describes bioremediation technologies for decontamination of solid waste pollutants - Showcases the application of Omics approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to improve bioremediation processes. - Covers bioremediation of agro-wastes - Includes detailed references This book is an informative reference for scholars (researchers, undergraduate and graduate students of environmental sciences, microbiology and biotechnology) professionals (environmental engineers) and researchers, giving each a good understanding of the significance of bioremediation in solid waste management and the restoration of contaminated sites.

This book introduces the most recent research findings on selected parasitic weeds that occur in Jordan and are also spread in Middle Eastern countries. It is a valuable source of information for researchers, students as well as farmers, giving readers a better understanding of these regional parasites and their unusual growth patterns. The book set consists of two volumes. The first volume includes information about genera which are typically known as root parasites. These genera are Orobanchaceae, Santalaceae, and Cynomoriaceae families. The second volume covers stem parasites of the Cuscutaceae, Loranthaceae and Viscaceae families. The detailed information presented in this set makes this an essential reference on weeds and parasitic plants in Jordan and Middle Eastern regions. Key Features: - Chapters cover the biology, ecology, distribution, economic significance, host ranges, and control methods of a variety of regional weeds in an organized way - It includes information on parasitic families, genera and species that are found in Jordanian flora and their hosts. - It also provides coloured photos of weeds - Presents the latest techniques for plant pest management - Provides references for further reading - Includes a glossary and appendix suitable for beginners

Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide and an important food supplement that strengthens the immune system. Beta-glucan can be obtained from many food sources such as mushrooms, yeast, or oats. Beta-glucan has a therapeutic use in the treatment of many diseases, thanks to its immune system strengthening effect. Its use helps curtail the need for administering high levels of antibiotics in case of serious infections. This book presents information about the medical applications of beta-glucan. Starting with an introduction to the basic biochemistry and classification of beta-glucan, the contents explain the readers about its use in treating a variety of medical conditions. These include cancer, allergies, COVID-19, respiratory tract infections, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and many other other endocrinological, immunological and infectious diseases. This book is a comprehensive resource about the medical use of beta-glucan where any reader can find topical information and learn about recent studies on the therapeutic effects of beta-glucan on the treatment of different diseases.

Burns can cause life-threatening injury and the lengthy hospitalization and rehabilitations required in burn therapy lead to higher healthcare costs. The risk of infection has also been one of the important concerns of burn wound management. The purpose of the burn wound care management is speedy wound healing and epithelization to limit the infection. The topical application of therapeutic agents is quintessential for the longevity of patients having significant burns. In recent times, research on herbal medicine for burn wound management has been vastly increased because of their safer toxicological profiles in contrast to synthetic medicines. Despite the promising therapeutic potential of herbal medicines in this area, herbal medications have some limitations which include low pharmacological activity, solubility and stability. Nanotechnology-based smart drug delivery approaches which involve the use of small molecules as nanocarriers, however, can help to overcome these biopharmaceutical challenges. This book provides an overview of plant-mediated metallic nanoparticulate systems and nanophytomedicine based therapeutic treatment modalities for burn wound lesions. Nine chapters deliver updated information about nanomedicines for burn wound therapy. Contributions are written by experts in nanomedicine and phytomedicine and collectively cover the pathophysiology of wound lesions, current and future outlook of nanomedicine based treatments for burn wound lesions, the role of biocompatible nanomaterials in burn wound management, plant-mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles for treating burn wound sepsis, phytomedicine based nanoformulations and the phyto-informatics models involved in the wound healing process which are used to select appropriate nanotherapeutic agents. This reference serves as an accessible source of information on the topic of nanomedicine for burn treatments for all healthcare professionals (medical doctors, nurses, students trainees) and researchers in allied fields (pharmacology, phytomedicine) who are interested in this area of medicine.

Aluminium is a chemical element present in earth’s crust and it is a known environmental toxin which has been found to be associated with various neurological disorders. Aluminium has been found to be a very strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders explains the association of aluminium with neurological disorders. The book introduces the reader to sources of aluminium exposure, followed by an explanation of pharmacokinetics of aluminium and the different biochemical pathways that cause neurological effects. Chapters cover the typical mechanisms associated with aluminium neurotoxicity such as synaptic impairment as well as recent topics of interest such as the role of aluminum in impairing blood-brain barrier functions. Separate chapters which cover clinical evidence of aluminium toxicity and its management are also included in the book. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders is a concise, yet informative reference on the subject of aluminium neurotoxicity for all readers, whether they are students of biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical neurologists, environmentalists interested in metal pollution or general readers who want to learn about the toxic effects of aluminium in humans.

The advent of large-scale production and clinical trials of drugs developed through diverse production routes - involving viruses, microbes, plants, and animals - has increased the demand for an expanded capacity for pharmaceutical manufacturing. The production and purification of expressed proteins accounts for the bulk of the manufacturing costs for new therapeutics. Several pharmaceutical proteins have been synthesized by exploiting plant genetics allowing producers to override conventional approaches used to manufacture pharmaceuticals. The process of inserting a gene into a host organism for the purpose of harvesting a bioactive molecule for therapeutic use is known as molecular pharming. Frontiers in Molecular Pharming covers an array of topics relevant to understanding the structure, function, regulation, and mechanisms of action, biochemical significance, and usage of proteins and peptides as biomarkers, therapeutics, and vaccines for animals and humans. The contributions aim to highlight current progress in three areas, including system biology (in vivo characterization of proteins and peptides), molecular pharming for animals and molecular pharming for humans. The book gives special attention to computational biology tools, production platforms and fields (such as immunoinformatics) and applications of molecular pharming (such as veterinary therapeutics). A balance of theoretical concepts and practical applications is provided through 13 chapters. Frontiers in Molecular Pharming is an invaluable resource for students and researchers of biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology. The book also serves as a springboard for understanding the process of how discoveries in protein and peptide research and its applications are coming to fruition.

This book presents information about the high enzymatic reactivity of reactive oxygen species. Chapters in the book cover several aspects of the topic such as the sources, formation mechanisms, reaction centers, oxidation-reduction reactions, cellular respiration chemistry, enzymatic kinetics, mitochondrial and plastid electron transport chains, oxidation-reduction potential, reaction constants, reaction velocity and reaction mechanisms involved, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant defense mechanisms in plants and animals, response of plants to conditions of environmental stress, xenobiotics, and the thermodynamics inherent to oxygen metabolism. The book also features a chapter on flavonoids which highlights a paradoxical facet of the affinity of reactive oxygen species for enzymes. Flavonoids are mainly antioxidant molecules as they act as trappers of reactive oxygen species. The chapter informs readers about the metabolic pathways mediated by enzymes through wich flavonoids become promoters of these same reactive oxygen species. All chapters present the subject in a simple, analytical format, while highlighting the scientific evidence gathered by researchers so far. The volume is an interesting reference for scholars learning about the biochemistry and enzymology of oxygen and its free radical derivatives.

Introduction to Molecular Genomics introduces the college student to the fundamental concepts of molecular biology and genomics. The text puts an emphasis on important topics in the subject that contribute to the learner’s understanding. These topics include molecular genomics, biodiversity and molecular phenomenon behind evolution of species, modern molecular methods for enhanced genomics research, DNA modifications at the molecular level for transgenic animal species, the role of cell environment on the gene expression, to name a few. The book has been designed to suit the requirements of educational courses in molecular biology, genomics and biochemistry. <p> Key features <p> - Covers basic concepts on key topics in molecular biology and genomics <p> - Simple easy-to-read layout <p> - Includes references for further reading <p> - Includes a section on ethical aspects of scientific research <p> Introduction to Molecular Genomics is a simple primer for students in applied or advanced life science courses at undergraduate levels