Abstract
The era of personalized medicine for cancer treatment has just begun opening up novel molecular targets improving cancer therapy. Members of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) axis have been described to be altered and to have prognostic relevance in several different tumor identities.
IGF2 belongs to the most complexly regulated growth factors known. As an imprinted gene it is controlled by epigenetic alterations. IGF2 mRNA binding proteins (IMPs/IGF2BPs) further regulate its translation. IGF2 activity is contained through IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and differential expression of the target receptors. The necessity of such a complex regulation implies pathophysiological effects of a deregulated expression of IGF2. This review attempts to summarize the different levels of IGF2 regulation, especially in the context of cancer. Members of the IGF2 axis are enlightened from the perspective of novel molecular targets for cancer therapy. Preclinical as well as experimental therapeutic interventions targeting IGF2 in cancer will be surveyed.
Keywords: IGF, IMP, IGF2BP, IGFBP, miR-483, cancer, IGF1R, apoptosis.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 - The Oncogene and its Accomplices
Volume: 22 Issue: 39
Author(s): Sonja M. Kessler, Johannes Haybaeck and Alexandra K. Kiemer
Affiliation:
Keywords: IGF, IMP, IGF2BP, IGFBP, miR-483, cancer, IGF1R, apoptosis.
Abstract: The era of personalized medicine for cancer treatment has just begun opening up novel molecular targets improving cancer therapy. Members of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) axis have been described to be altered and to have prognostic relevance in several different tumor identities.
IGF2 belongs to the most complexly regulated growth factors known. As an imprinted gene it is controlled by epigenetic alterations. IGF2 mRNA binding proteins (IMPs/IGF2BPs) further regulate its translation. IGF2 activity is contained through IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and differential expression of the target receptors. The necessity of such a complex regulation implies pathophysiological effects of a deregulated expression of IGF2. This review attempts to summarize the different levels of IGF2 regulation, especially in the context of cancer. Members of the IGF2 axis are enlightened from the perspective of novel molecular targets for cancer therapy. Preclinical as well as experimental therapeutic interventions targeting IGF2 in cancer will be surveyed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kessler M. Sonja, Haybaeck Johannes and Kiemer K. Alexandra, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 - The Oncogene and its Accomplices, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (39) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160713100235
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160713100235 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
?Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Nano-Therapeutics Targeting Tumor Microenvironment?
This thematic issue explores the forefront of cancer treatment, centering on the groundbreaking potential of nano-therapeutics meticulously designed to target the tumor microenvironment. At its core, the issue aims to unravel the latest advancements in nanotechnology, showcasing innovative materials, formulations, and delivery systems that hold promise for redefining cancer therapeutics. ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Investigating ABCB1-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions: Considerations for In vitro and In vivo Assay Design
Current Drug Metabolism Cushing's Syndrome and Steroid Dementia
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Testosterone, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Current Alzheimer Research The Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) and Its Role in Mitochondrial Biology and Psychiatric Disorders
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) for Treating Diseases Related to Excess Cortisol
Current Medicinal Chemistry Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Redox Environment and its Meaning for Breast Cancer Cells Fate
Current Cancer Drug Targets Targeting the Type I Insulin-Like Growth Factor System for Breast Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Intrinsic Disorder in Male Sex Determination: Disorderedness of Proteins from the Sry Transcriptional Network
Current Protein & Peptide Science Fibromyalgia and Bipolar Disorder: Emerging Epidemiological Associations and Shared Pathophysiology
Current Molecular Medicine Book Review
Current Cancer Drug Targets Current and Future Medical Therapy, and the Molecular Features of Adrenocortical Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery CYP Epoxygenase Derived EETs: From Cardiovascular Protection to Human Cancer Therapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Immunomodulation in Polytrauma and Polymicrobial Sepsis - Where Do We Stand?
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Retraction Notice: Clinical Strategies for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Middle Ear Surgery in Adult Patients
Current Drug Safety Genetics and Bioenergetics of Mitochondria Influencing the Etiology and Pharmacology of Steroidal Hormones
Current Pharmacogenomics Conventional Chemotherapy and Emerging Targeted Therapy for Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Imidazoles and Benzimidazoles as Tubulin-Modulators for Anti-Cancer Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Steroid Regulation of Drug-Metabolizing Cytochromes P450
Current Drug Metabolism