Abstract
Active or passive immunotherapy is expected to slow or stop the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Immunotherapy for AD has demonstrated that targeting beta-amyloid (Aβ) or tau protein with vaccines or antibodies can reduce AD pathologies. Active anti-Aβ immunization for AD includes using AN1792 and second generation vaccines such as ACC-001, CAD106 and AFFITOPE vaccines, while antibodies for passive immunization include monoclonal antibodies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Preclinical trials have shown powerful evidence of significant advances for more than a decade; however, there are still issues that need to be addressed in clinical trials. In the phase IIa AN1792 trial, 6% of patients who received the vaccination were diagnosed with meningoencephalitis as an adverse effect. There was a high incidence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in patients treated with some monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, several phase 3 clinical trial findings of immunization targeting Aβ were negative. These issues require attention in order to improve the safety and efficacy of immunization strategies in AD. Prevention studies and other novel immunization strategies have the potential to dramatically impact AD care. Herein we review the recent advances in clinical trials involving immunotherapy for AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, antibodies, clinical trials, immunotherapy, vaccines.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title:New Developments of Clinical Trial in Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease
Volume: 16 Issue: 6
Author(s): Cece Yang and Shifu Xiao
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, antibodies, clinical trials, immunotherapy, vaccines.
Abstract: Active or passive immunotherapy is expected to slow or stop the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Immunotherapy for AD has demonstrated that targeting beta-amyloid (Aβ) or tau protein with vaccines or antibodies can reduce AD pathologies. Active anti-Aβ immunization for AD includes using AN1792 and second generation vaccines such as ACC-001, CAD106 and AFFITOPE vaccines, while antibodies for passive immunization include monoclonal antibodies and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Preclinical trials have shown powerful evidence of significant advances for more than a decade; however, there are still issues that need to be addressed in clinical trials. In the phase IIa AN1792 trial, 6% of patients who received the vaccination were diagnosed with meningoencephalitis as an adverse effect. There was a high incidence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in patients treated with some monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, several phase 3 clinical trial findings of immunization targeting Aβ were negative. These issues require attention in order to improve the safety and efficacy of immunization strategies in AD. Prevention studies and other novel immunization strategies have the potential to dramatically impact AD care. Herein we review the recent advances in clinical trials involving immunotherapy for AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Yang Cece and Xiao Shifu, New Developments of Clinical Trial in Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2015; 16 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920101606150407112319
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920101606150407112319 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
Latest Advancements in Biotherapeutics
The scope of this thematic issue is to comprehensively explore the rapidly evolving landscape of biotherapeutics, emphasizing breakthroughs in precision medicine. Encompassing diverse therapeutic modalities, the issue will delve into the latest developments in monoclonal antibodies, CRISPR/Cas gene editing, CAR-T cell therapies, and innovative drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticle-based ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Drug Target in Eosinophilic Meningitis Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Humanized Mouse Models of HIV-1 Latency
Current HIV Research Strategies to Diminish the Ab Load in Alzheimers Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Nucleic Acid Aptamers as Novel Class of Therapeutics to Mitigate Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Current Alzheimer Research Alzheimers Disease and Immunotherapy
Current Alzheimer Research Pharmacological Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Prodromal Syndrome of Alzheimer´s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Neurobrucellosis: A Case Report with an Unusual Presentation
Recent Advances in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Cranial Ultrasound - Optimizing Utility in the NICU
Current Pediatric Reviews Approaches to Minimize Infection Risk in Blood Banking and Transfusion Practice
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Viral Product Trafficking to Mitochondria, Mechanisms and Roles in Pathogenesis
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Clear Shot at Primary Aim: Susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi Organelles, Structures and Molecular Targets to Drug Treatment
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Human Parvovirus B19: An Infectious Agent with the Potential to Induce and Trigger Rheumatic Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Clinical Presentations and Diagnosis of Brucellosis
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery: Blood-Brain Barrier as the Main Obstacle to Treating Infectious Diseases in CNS
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Advances in Flavivirus Antiviral Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Immunotherapy for Alzheimers Disease: Rational Basis in Ongoing Clinical Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Psychiatry
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Immunotherapy for Alzheimers Disease: Potential Problems and Possible Solutions
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Aspartic Proteases of Human Pathogenic Fungi are Prospective Targets for the Generation of Novel and Effective Antifungal Inhibitors
Current Enzyme Inhibition Bacteriophage - A Common Divergent Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease and Type II Diabetes Mellitus
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets