Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological response to any injury occurring to the central nervous system. It is mainly characterized by the recruitment of immune system cells, namely the microglial cells, in the site of injury. Once activated, microglia expresses a cholesterol transporter protein (TSPO), previously also known as peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor. PK11195 is a ligand for TSPO and, labelled with a positron emitter, it is also the most used tracer for PET molecular imaging to in vivo map the microglia activation in various neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. Recent [11C]PK11195 PET studies proved activated microglia both locally in the area of the infarct and at distance along the affected fibre tracts, suggesting the presence of two different microglia subtypes with peculiar functions in disease progression. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent knowledge about imaging neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke and in the atherosclerotic and vascular inflammatory disorders, trying to elucidate the interplay between the clinical course and the activation of a microglial response.
Keywords: [11C]PK11195, activated microglia, ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation, PET imaging.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Imaging Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke and in the Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Chiara Cerami and Daniela Perani
Affiliation:
Keywords: [11C]PK11195, activated microglia, ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation, PET imaging.
Abstract: Neuroinflammation is a complex biological response to any injury occurring to the central nervous system. It is mainly characterized by the recruitment of immune system cells, namely the microglial cells, in the site of injury. Once activated, microglia expresses a cholesterol transporter protein (TSPO), previously also known as peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor. PK11195 is a ligand for TSPO and, labelled with a positron emitter, it is also the most used tracer for PET molecular imaging to in vivo map the microglia activation in various neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. Recent [11C]PK11195 PET studies proved activated microglia both locally in the area of the infarct and at distance along the affected fibre tracts, suggesting the presence of two different microglia subtypes with peculiar functions in disease progression. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent knowledge about imaging neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke and in the atherosclerotic and vascular inflammatory disorders, trying to elucidate the interplay between the clinical course and the activation of a microglial response.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cerami Chiara and Perani Daniela, Imaging Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke and in the Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2015; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113116660168
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113116660168 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Arterial Stiffness: Novel Therapeutic Frontiers
Arterial stiffness, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, poses significant challenges in contemporary healthcare. This thematic issue delves into the multifaceted landscape of arterial stiffness and explores cutting-edge therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating its adverse effects. Within these pages, readers will find a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffness, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Metabolic Complications, & the Natural Course of CKD in Children
Current Hypertension Reviews Metabolism and the Paradoxical Effects of Arsenic: Carcinogenesis and Anticancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Infection, its Treatment and the Risk for Stroke
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Effect of DPP-4i on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-controlled Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dietary Fat and Hypertension: A Novel Approach Through the Proteolytic Regulatory Enzymes of the Renin-Angiotensin-System
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cerebral Ischemia
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Is Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Indeed the Hepatic Manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pathophysiology of Platelet Resistance to Anti-Aggregating Agents in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Anti-Aggregating Therapy
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Developments in the Regulation of Monoamine Oxidase Form and Function: Is the Current Model Restricting Our Understanding of the Breadth of Contribution of Monoamine Oxidase to Brain [dys]Function?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Intimal Hyperplasia Learned from a Murine Carotid Artery Ligation Model
Current Vascular Pharmacology Coronary Atherosclerosis and Acute Coronary Syndrome: New Insights from Angioscopic Viewpoints
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Ischemic Strokes in Congenital Bleeding Disorders: Comparison with Myocardial Infarction and other Acute Coronary Syndromes
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets HIV-Induced Abnormalities in Myelopoiesis and their Recovery Following Antiretroviral Therapy
Current HIV Research Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease in Hypertension: A Common and Dangerous Triad
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mast Cell Chymase and Tryptase as Targets for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Quantitative Color Doppler Ultrasonography Measurement of Thyroid Blood Flow in Patients with Graves’ Disease
Current Medical Imaging The Impact of Natural Compounds on the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Organic Chemistry Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Review on Solvent-free Methods in Organic Synthesis
Current Organic Chemistry Clinically Relevant Extracellular-Matrix Scaffolds for Cell Transplantation and Vascular Repair
Current Vascular Pharmacology