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Research Article

Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI)

Author(s): Valery Podzolkov, Anna Bragina, Aida Tarzimanova, Lyubov Vasilyeva*, Ilya Shvedov, Natalya Druzhinina, Yulia Rodionova, Tatiana Ishina, Iuliia Akyol, Valentina Maximova and Alexandr Cherepanov

Volume 20, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 22 January, 2024

Page: [44 - 51] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037

open access plus

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and may affect arterial stiffness. Studies of cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients with considered cardiovascular risk factors have not been conducted.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess the association between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 174 people hospitalized with a diagnosis of moderate COVID-19 and 94 people without COVID-19. Significant differences in the cardio-ankle vascular index values measured by VaSera VS - 1500N between the two groups were analyzed using parametric (Student's t-criterion) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) criteria. Independent association between COVID-19 and an increased cardio-ankle vascular index ≥ 9.0 adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariate logistic regression.

Results: There were significantly higher values of the right cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [7.00;9.40] and the left cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [6.95;9.65] in patients undergoing inpatient treatment for COVID-19 than in the control group – 7.55 [6.60;8.60] and 7.60 [6.60;8.70], respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association between increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 (OR 2.41 [CI 1.09;5.30]).

Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher cardio-ankle vascular index values compared to the control group. An association between an increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 was revealed, independent of age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Arterial stiffness, cardiovascular index, COVID-19, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.

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Graphical Abstract

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