Title:Heat Shock Proteins Regulating Toll-like Receptors and the Immune System could be a Novel Therapeutic Target for Melanoma
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Author(s): Navid Shomali, Leila Sadat Hatamnezhad, Saeed Tarzi, Rozita Tamjidifar, Huaxi Xu*Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani*
Affiliation:
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang,China
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,Iran
Keywords:
HSPs, TLRs, Immune system, Therapeutic target, Prognostic factor, Melanoma.
Abstract: Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer, which develops in melanocyte
cells. Although it is less common than some other skin cancers, it can be far more
dangerous if not treated at an early stage because of its ability to spread rapidly to other
organs. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are intracellular molecular chaperones of naive
proteins, which are induced in response to stressful conditions. HSP is released into the
extracellular milieu and binds to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to regulate immune
responses, such as cytokine and chemokine release. HSPs can release and bind to
tumor-specific antigens, with cross-presentation of major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) class I antigens. TLRs are innate immune system receptors, involved in the
melanoma growth pathway through HSP activation. Melanocytes express TLR4 and
TLR9 to modulate immune responses. Many TLR ligands are considered as proper
adjuvant candidates, as they can activate dendritic cells. Targeting some TLRs, such as
TLR7 and TLR9, is an available option for treating melanoma. In this review, we aimed
to determine the relationship between TLRs and HSP groups in melanoma.
