Kjeldahl Method

Pp: 105-112 (8)

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

This method was introduced by Johan Kjeldahl in 1883 for the quantitative

estimation of nitrogen in a compound which becomes a classical and widely employed

method in analytical chemistry and has been extensively utilized from over more than

130 years. The presence of nitrogen in organic compounds and in other protein

materials was identified by this technique. The amount of protein was calculated from

the different varieties of material including food for human beings, some fertilizers,

fossil fuels and other water waste. The process in this method to oxidize the

compounds containing carbon dioxide or hydrogen atoms are changed in water. The

ammonium ions are further transformed into ammonia gas when they dissolve in

oxidized solution. The three step principle was describing the process of nitrogen

estimation, in which the first step is digestion, which deals with the conversion of

nitrogen in the food material into ammonia. In second step, the process of

neutralization started, in which ammonium sulphate changed into ammonia gas. The

third last step of titration was started and a suitable indicator was used to detect the end

point of reaction. The first step in the procedure of this method is digestion and this

process was done for at least 60-90 minutes. The second step deals with the distillation

process in which the nitrogen is separated and the third step deals with the titration in

the presence of acid and this will give us the determination of ammonia compound in

the sample. In this chapter, we highlight the basic fundamentals, principle, procedure,

applications and also recent advancements were covered.

Keywords: Ammonia, Applications, Catalyst, Digestion Flask, Distillation, Fertilizers, Fossil fuels, Human food, Hydrogen ion concentration, Indicator, Johan Kjeldahl, Kjeldahl method, Neutralization, Nitrogen Estimation, Principle, Procedure, Protein, Recent advancements, Titration, Waste water.

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Current Chinese Science

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Advances in Organic Synthesis

DOI https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815050233122010011	Print ISSN 2810-0554
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 2810-9546

Advanced Techniques of Analytical Chemistry