Methods: A literature search across databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published (2010 – 2024) identified relevant studies based on predefined inclusion criteria emphasizing POP levels, formation mechanisms, and analytical methods in smoked meat and related products. Key data were synthesized thematically to identify research trends and gaps.

Results: PAHs have been the most extensively studied in smoked meat, whereas research on PCBs and PCDD/Fs remains limited despite their toxicological significance. The smoking process, particularly the type of fuel and additional materials used, plays a crucial role in the generation of these contaminants. Enhanced analytical techniques have improved detection capabilities, supporting more accurate risk assessments.

Discussion: Traditional smoking methods are linked to higher POP contamination, especially with chlorine-rich or plastic-containing fuels. Despite advances in analytical techniques, gaps remain in standardizing methods and understanding halogenated POP formation, underscoring the need for harmonized protocols and targeted research on PCBs and PCDD/Fs under practical conditions.

Conclusion: Significant knowledge gaps remain, emphasizing the need for further research to refine smoking practices and enhance food safety standards while preserving the cultural and culinary value of smoked foods.

Aims: This work aims to develop highly efficient adsorbents for heavy metal removal from contaminated water based on a solid-phase extraction technique.

Methods: In this work, the PB/silica nanocomposites were prepared based on the sol-gel technique. The morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized composite were investigated. These nanocomposites were used for Cu(II) removal as they can act as a selective adsorption agent with negligible toxicity. To optimize conditions, the effects of the factor variables (temperature, PB/silica dose, and pH) and their interactions on the adsorption of copper ions were investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). Other experimental parameters (the contact time, and Cu(II) initial concentration) were conducted to determine their effects on Cu(II) adsorption.

Results: It was found that the maximum adsorption of 92.30% was obtained at 25°C, 60 minutes of contact time, and 10 ppm of metal ions. It was discovered that the ideal amount of adsorbent material for the removal was 0.1 g L-1. Additionally, the Langmuir isotherm was found to be more suitable for Cu(II) adsorption than the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic parameters and experimental adsorption capacities for copper onto PB/silica nanocomposites were also studied, and it was found that the system is fitted with pseudo-second-order where the calculated Qe (175.439 mgCu(II)/g) is very close to the experimental Qe (180.697 mgCu(II)/g).

Conclusion: Therefore, the newly created environmental nanocomposite material was shown to be appropriate for the adsorption of Cu(II) owing to its elevated adsorption selectivity and capacity, quick adsorption speed, and good regeneration for repeated use for the adsorption of copper pollutants from different water matrices.]]> https://www.benthamscience.com/article/1511982026-03-31 Introduction: This study aimed to address persistent challenges in pseudotargeted metabolomics, particularly the limited compatibility with diverse sample types, by developing an enhanced method integrating the strengths of targeted and untargeted approaches.

Methods: An upgraded pseudotargeted metabolomics method was developed, incorporating a sample- specific MS-RI library (SSMSRIL) to identify novel metabolites in new samples. Newly discovered metabolites were dynamically added to a pseudotargeted MRM list. Additionally, MRM transitions for 227 target metabolites were integrated, resulting in a final method monitoring >500 metabolites. This design facilitates the extraction and addition of new metabolites to the monitoring list. The method was established and evaluated using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GCMS/ MS).

Results: Evaluation with new samples revealed that 33-40% of all detected metabolites were identified exclusively through the integrated targeted MRM transitions. This demonstrated their significant role in expanding metabolite coverage. Furthermore, 23-54% of metabolites detected in new sample types were absent from the initial SSMSRIL list.

Discussion: The substantial proportion (23-54%) of metabolites detected in new sample types missing from the original library underscores the critical necessity of dynamically updating the pseudotargeted MRM list when applying the method to new samples. This update mechanism is vital for maintaining broad metabolite coverage and method applicability across diverse sample matrices.

Conclusion: The enhanced pseudotargeted method significantly improves metabolite coverage and adaptability to new sample types through dynamic MRM list updating and the integration of targeted MRM transitions. While developed using GC-MS/MS, the core concept is readily transferable to liquid chromatography (LC)-based full-scan and MRM methodologies, broadening its potential impact.]]> https://www.benthamscience.com/article/1503652026-03-31 Introduction: Protein A (PA) leakage during antibody purification poses significant risks due to its immunotoxic potential, necessitating highly sensitive and efficient detection methods. Current techniques like ELISA are time-consuming and complex, highlighting the need for a rapid, costeffective alternative. This study aimed to develop a one-step sandwich fluorimetric assay for trace PA detection in antibody drugs, leveraging the specificity of monoclonal antibodies and the efficiency of magnetic separation to overcome existing limitations.

Method: The assay utilized magnetic beads (MBs) functionalized with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to capture PA, while fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled immunoglobulin G (IgG) served as the secondary recognition agent to form a sandwich complex. Magnetic separation was employed to isolate the complex from the matrix, followed by fluorimetric detection. Key parameters, including blocking agents, incubation time, IgG concentration, and MBs amount, were optimized to enhance performance.

Result: The assay demonstrated a linear detection range of 5-500 pg/mL for PA, with a detection limit of 1.3 pg/mL. The entire process was completed within 50 mins, significantly faster than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (180 mins). High specificity was confirmed, with negligible interference from host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA (HCD). Recovery tests in real samples (adalimumab and toripalimab injections) yielded results of 98.80% to 101.55%, validating the method's accuracy and reliability.

Discussion: The present study presents a rapid one-step magnetic separation-fluorescence assay for Protein A detection, completing analysis in 50 minutes (3× faster than ELISA) with a simplified workflow. While maintaining high sensitivity, potential cross-reactivity requires further validation. This rapid, simplified approach shows strong potential for routine monitoring in biopharmaceutical quality control.

Conclusion: The proposed one-step sandwich fluorimetric assay, combining magnetic separation with fluorescence detection, offers a novel, rapid, and highly sensitive approach for quantifying trace PA in antibody drugs. Its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reduced detection time make it a promising alternative to conventional methods.

Methods: The complexes were synthesized from indole-3-carbaldehyde and trans-cyclohexane-1,2- diamine and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Electrochemical behavior was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry using a glassy carbon electrode in TBAP/DMSO electrolyte medium.

Results: The Cu(II) complex exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, while the Cr(III), Co(II), and the free Schiff base showed superior ABTS activity compared to the standard antioxidant BHA. The free ligand also demonstrated CUPRAC activity comparable to BHA. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that all metal complexes exhibited anodic shifts in oxidation peaks relative to the free ligand. Additionally, the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes showed extra redox waves, indicating unique redox-active behavior.

Discussion: These findings suggest that metal coordination alters the electron-donating capacity of the Schiff base ligand and enables tunable redox behavior. The observed differences across metal ions underscore their role in defining both antioxidant potential and electrochemical reactivity.

Conclusion: The synthesized Schiff base-metal complexes possess significant antioxidant activity and diverse redox properties, particularly the Cu(II) and Co(II) derivatives. These characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in redox-sensitive medicinal and analytical technologies.]]> https://www.benthamscience.com/article/1508642026-03-31 Introduction: Industrial effluents containing synthetic dyes pose serious environmental hazards, necessitating cost-effective and sustainable catalysts for wastewater treatment.

Methods: Cotton fibers were first dip-coated with 1 wt % chitosan, then impregnated with aqueous Au³⁺/Cu²⁺ salts. In-situ reduction with hydrazine generated bimetallic Au/Cu nanoparticles (NPs) on the chitosan-coated cotton (Au/Cu@Chi-CC). The catalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, and EDX to confirm nanoparticle formation, elemental composition, and morphology.

Results: SEM and XRD confirmed well-dispersed, alloyed Au/Cu nanoparticles, and EDX verified the expected Au–Cu ratio. Catalytic tests showed a pseudo–first-order rate constant of 0.298 min⁻¹ for Congo Red degradation. The catalyst strips maintained over 90 % activity after three reuse cycles, requiring only a rinse with distilled water.

Discussion: The alloyed Au/Cu interface promoted synergistic electron transfer, leading to markedly higher catalytic activity than monometallic systems. The high-rate constant reflects this enhancement. Excellent reusability further demonstrates the catalyst’s stability and ease of regeneration, supporting its practical applicability.

Conclusion: The Au/Cu@Chi-CC nanocatalyst couples low-cost biopolymer support with bimetallic synergy, delivering rapid dye degradation and excellent recyclability. These attributes underscore its practicality as an economical, sustainable solution for removing hazardous dyes from industrial wastewater.]]> https://www.benthamscience.com/article/1445852026-03-31Aims: Venetoclax is a selective inhibitor of the prosurvival protein BCL-2 approved by the Food Drug Administration in 2016, restoring the apoptic ability of malignant cells. In this study, a fast, highly accurate and precise HPLC method was developed for the analysis of Venetoclax in human plasma.

Methods: The optimization of the method was investigated according to Box-Bhenken Design combined with 3D surface methodology. The chromatographic separation was performed in gradient mode with an Ascentis Express C8 column (2.7 μm, 4.6 mm × 10 cm). Agomelatine was used as an internal standard to increase accuracy. The method was completely validated according to ICH guideline M10 bioanalytical method validation. Additionally, the greenness of the method was scaled with NEMI, Analytical Ecoscale, AGREE, and GAPI greenness metrics.

Results: The method was linear in the range of 1.67-12.50 μg/mL with a calculated R2 of 0.99; LOD and LOQ were 0.34 μg/mL and 1.02 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery was in the range of 102.6% to 99.08%, and with an RSD% of less than 1.00%. The analytical eco scale and AGREE score of the current method were 85 and 0.55, respectively.

Conclusion: The approach that was developed herein exhibits green, rapidity, high levels of accuracy and precision, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use in the context of clinical and pharmacokinetic investigations.

Method: A specific TLC method was established to distinguish C. speciosa from C. sinensis. Furthermore, a new UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS method was developed for their classification. This method entailed analyzing massive MS data from Chaenomeles species, which were processed using a self-designed VBA program. The classification was facilitated by three chemometric approaches.

Results: 3-O-Acetylursolic acid was discovered, separated, and identified from C. speciosa as the unique chemical marker. A TLC identification test was thus established to discriminate between these two species using this marker. All three chemometric models demonstrated robust classification of 20 Chaenomeles samples. Subsequent structural profiling of chemical compositions in Chaenomeles species was accomplished.

Discussion: Most of the identified compounds included triterpenoids, with nine compounds common to both species. TLC and UPLC-MS/MS methods were established for differentiating C. speciosa from C. sinensis.

Conclusion: The present study also introduces an integrated analytical workflow that merges rapid TLC prescreening with high-resolution UPLC-MS/MS fingerprinting and chemometric modelling, enabling unequivocal discrimination of phylogenetically proximate plant species.]]> https://www.benthamscience.com/article/1465362026-03-31 Background: Mercury (Hg) is a highly neurotoxic pollutant present in different environmental matrices. Herein, a simple and sensitive assay is proposed for Hg detection in environmental water samples employing polyethylene glycol monododecyl ether (PGME) stabilized silver nanoparticles (PGME-AgNPs).

Methods: The prepared PGME-AgNPs were characterized by absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential measurements. The addition of Hg(II) to an aqueous matrix changed the color of the sensor, following a decrease in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band intensity.

Results: The detected response was proportional to Hg (II) concentrations and the analytical response comprised a change in absorbance versus concentrations from 4.0 to 24 × 10-8 mol L-1 (0.8 – 4.8 μg L-1) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.0 nmol L-1 (0.08 μg L-1). Additionally, the sensor was integrated with the RGB color values of a smartphone, enabling its use as a portable sensor for rapid Hg(II) at a concentration level ranging from 6.0 to 24 × 10-8 mol L-1 (1.2 - 4.8 μg L-1). Spectrophotometric and RGB color value-based approaches were applied for the quantification of Hg(II) in real water samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 98.5 to 105%.

Conclusion: The proposed colorimetric method with a smart assisted approach was proven a very simple, and quick method, demonstrating practical applicability for on-site Hg screening of aqueous matrices.]]> https://www.benthamscience.com/article/1532662026-03-31It has been noticed that in the published version of this article [1], a section heading within the text was inadvertently left incomplete.

The heading has now been corrected and updated to reflect the accurate text. The specific details of the correction are as follows:

The original article can be found online at https://www.benthamscience.com/article/145460

Original:

1.1. The Flexible Application of Technologies that can Facilitate Rapid and Effective Utilization is Crucial in

Corrected:

1.1. Application of Technologies to Facilitate Rapid and Effective Utilization