Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using specific keywords and Boolean operators across databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Non-peer-reviewed articles, conference abstracts, and studies with poor methodology were excluded.

Results: This review highlights advances in liposome formulation that boost therapeutic performance, enhance stability, and improve drug loading. Despite their promise, clinical application depends on overcoming issues like manufacturing complexity, regulatory constraints, and immune reaction limitations.

Discussion: Liposomes enable efficient encapsulation and targeted delivery for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Their biocompatibility makes them effective in cancer therapy, vaccine transport, and gene delivery. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve production processes and ensure long-term safety for regulatory approval and commercial scalability.

Conclusion: Liposomes hold strong potential for medical use and drug delivery. To achieve broader clinical adoption, challenges in formulation and regulation must be addressed. This review highlights recent innovations and strategies to optimize liposome-based therapeutics.

Methods: The model was generated with the help of linear and non-linear regression analysis methods. The analysis helped to ascertain the role of log P (whole molecule), no. of H-bond (whole molecule), Kier ChiV3(cluster indices), and Kier Chi6 (ring index) in determining the activity of γ secretase inhibitors. In addition to QSAR modelling, Lipinski’s rule of five was also employed to check the pharmacokinetic profile of γ-secretase inhibitors.

Results: Significant statistical values of the designed models were obtained with the help of MLR, PLS, and FFNN analysis and the relevant descriptors.

Discussion: QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) models generated (both MLR and PLS) were robust with statistically significant s, F, r, r2 and r2CV values. This study conducts QSAR analysis using linear regression analysis and non-linear regression analysis on a data set of 53 compounds acting as γ-secretase inhibitors.

Conclusion: None of the compounds violated Lipinski’s rule of five, indicating that the γ-secretase inhibitors reported here have sound pharmacokinetic profiles and can be considered as potential drug candidates for Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods: Methanolic extraction of Oroxylum indicum seeds was followed by phytochemical screening. Bioactive compounds were isolated via column chromatography and characterized using FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant potential was assessed through DPPH, nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. In vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays were conducted, and molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding affinities.

Results: Baicalein and chrysin were identified as major constituents. Both compounds showed potent antioxidant activity: baicalein (IC₅₀ = 49.79 ± 0.033 μg/mL for DPPH, 30.48 ± 0.092 μg/mL for NO, and 48.56 ± 0.10 μg/mL for •OH) and chrysin (IC₅₀ = 66.24 ± 0.032, 38.73 ± 0.030, and 52.18 ± 0.12 μg/mL, respectively). They also exhibited strong enzyme inhibition: baicalein (AChE: 40.73 μg/mL, BChE: 35.76 μg/mL) and chrysin (AChE: 52.74 μg/mL, BChE: 31.56 μg/mL). Docking studies supported these findings, showing strong binding affinities to the active sites of AChE and BChE.

Discussion: The strong free radical scavenging and cholinesterase-inhibitory effects of baicalein and chrysin highlight their potential to mitigate oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction in AD.

Conclusion: Oroxylum indicum seed-derived baicalein and chrysin exhibit promising neuroprotective properties and represent potential candidates for the development of AD therapeutics.

Methods: The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from these species was evaluated using the DPPH assay. The most potent species was further subjected to fractionation, and each fraction was assessed using the same method. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of compounds isolated from the effective fraction was evaluated using molecular docking against the MPO enzyme.

Results: E. malleata exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity among the four species. Its ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the highest scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 2.65 μg/ml. Among the ethyl acetate fraction compounds, methyl gallate showed the most favorable docking score (-4.97 kcal/mol) and formed multiple hydrogen bonds with key MPO residues.

Discussion: The remarkable free radical scavenging activity of E. malleata ethyl acetate fraction is closely associated with the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Molecular docking indicated that methyl gallate forms a stable complex with the MPO receptor, suggesting its potential as a promising MPO inhibitor.

Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of E. malleata and its compounds indicated significant antioxidant activity and the capacity to inhibit the MPO enzyme. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the E. malleata species, making it an attractive candidate for further investigation in pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the development of therapies targeting inflammatory and oxidative stress-related illnesses.

Methods: Thirty compounds were designed based on a literature survey. Out of these compounds, twelve compounds were found good on the docking studies, and these twelve new derivatives (RD 01-12) were synthesized and subjected to in silico, in vitro (EGFR assay), and ADMET profiling to identify the most potent compound.

Results: All 12 compounds were synthesised and characterised. Out of 12 compounds, RD-09 emerged as the most potent enzymatic assay with an IC₅₀ value of 1.21 ± 0.03 μM, confirmed by docking studies; it possessed a docking score of -7.302 against the EGFR receptor. These compounds were further characterized using IR, ¹H NMR, and mass spectrometry.

Conclusion: Based on pharmacophoric features, twelve triazine-4-thiazolidinone derivatives (RD 01- 12) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their potential as EGFR-2 inhibitors, specifically targeting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among 12 synthesised compounds, compound RD- 09 demonstrated the most significant activity with an IC50 value of 1.21 ± 0.03 μM. Docking studies further supported its binding interaction with the catalytic domain of the EGFR receptor. The combined results from in vitro, in silico, and ADMET profiling suggest that RD-09 holds promise as a leading compound for further development in the treatment of TNBC.