Methods: This study employed a qualitative research methodology, incorporating multiple case studies from various healthcare organizations. Through in-depth interviews and document analysis, the study explored real-world challenges and strategies implemented to secure health data during analytics.

Results: Key findings revealed that while organizations face common challenges such as data integration, privacy concerns, and compliance with regulatory standards, the successful implementation of security practices like end-to-end encryption, strict access control, anonymization techniques and employee training can significantly mitigate risks. The comparative analysis across institutions highlighted recurring themes and effective practices that enhance data protection.

Discussion: The case studies demonstrate that secure health data analytics is achievable through a proactive, multi-layered approach. Integration of advanced cybersecurity protocols with existing health information systems not only prevents breaches but also builds public trust. Limitations of the study include the small sample size and organizational diversity, which may limit generalizability.

Conclusion: By synthesizing lessons learned and outlining best practices, this study provides a valuable reference for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. Adopting these measures enables stakeholders to securely leverage health data for insightful analytics, thereby advancing healthcare outcomes while maintaining patient confidentiality.

Methods: This review highlights the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity of different quinazoline derivatives that have been reported to have EGFR-TK inhibitory antiproliferative activity. We searched Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed for literature on quinazoline derivatives showing EGFR inhibition as anticancer agents.

Results: We confirmed that quinazoline derivatives with different substitutions are useful pharmacophores as EGFR TK inhibitors for achieving strong anticancer activity after a thorough review of the literature.

Discussion: This review offers insights into the latest advancements in developing novel and potent quinazoline derivatives as potential EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which could be further optimized to develop new EGFR inhibitors in the future.

Conclusion: Quinazoline-based scaffolds remain promising leads for developing nextgeneration EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors with enhanced anticancer efficacy.

Objectives: This research explores the implementation of pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics in personalized medicine to assess their safety benefits, improvements in disease treatment, and potential to reduce healthcare costs. It also evaluates emerging technologies and discusses challenges associated with deploying these methodologies.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of genetic studies involving drug-metabolizing enzymes, receptors, and transport proteins was conducted. The evaluation focused on biomedical technologies, bioinformatics, and computational modeling to determine their ability to detect genomic indicators of drug toxicity. Additionally, this study examined how artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and gene-editing technologies contribute to the advancement of personalized medical treatments.

Results and Discussion: Technological advancements have facilitated the discovery of genomic markers, improving drug toxicity prediction, regulatory assessment, and public health strategies. Integrating pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic data into electronic medical records supports enhanced clinical decision-making and strengthens drug safety monitoring. However, widespread adoption remains limited due to ongoing ethical concerns, accessibility barriers, and regulatory inconsistencies.

Conclusion: Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, industry stakeholders, and policymakers is essential to overcome implementation barriers to pharmacogenomic integration. The successful incorporation of pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic data depends on expanding research foundations, enacting policy reforms, and developing educational initiatives to enhance patient safety and global healthcare outcomes.

Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature, cross-species studies, and recent advancements in genetics and medical research was conducted. Based on mechanisms of Y chromosome degeneration, its impact on health, and possible therapeutic interventions, including hormone replacement therapies, assisted reproductive technologies, and gene-editing techniques like CRISPR.

Results: Despite reducing from 1,400 to 55 active genes, the Y chromosome retains key functions in testosterone production and sperm maturation through genes like SRY, DAZ, and TSPY. Studies suggest alternative mechanisms for male traits in the absence of the Y chromosome, raising questions about its future in humans.

Discussion: The shrinkage is linked to infertility, increased cancer risk, and aging-related disorders. Potential pharmacological approaches involve hormone replacement therapies, assisted reproductive technologies, and gene-editing techniques like CRISPR.

Conclusion: The shrinking Y chromosome poses challenges to male health, but scientific advancements offer hope for mitigating its effects. Integrating genetic research, evolutionary studies, and medical innovations is crucial for addressing Y-linked disorders and guiding the future of male health and reproduction.

Objective: This study aims to identify the deleterious SNPs within the ABCB4 gene using in silico methodologies.

Methods: The ABCB4 amino acid sequence was acquired from the UniProt database, and gene interactions were examined by GeneMANIA. A summary of the 135 SNP IDs of the ABCB4 gene was gathered from the UCSC genome browser. Deleterious SNPs were screened by SIFT and PolyPhen and validated by PROVEAN, SNAP, PhD-SNP, and SNPs and GO. Effects on protein stability were assessed using I-Mutant, MuPRO, and DynaMut.

Results and Discussion: Out of 135 SNPs, 4 non-synonymous SNPs, which are C433W, K435E, R788P, and R788Q, were predicted as deleterious. We showed that these variants decrease protein stability and may profoundly impact ABCB4 activity. Three SNPs (rs8187801, rs20129202, and rs201168284) were identified as high-confidence candidates with likely pathogenic clinical relevance.

Conclusion: This work identifies putative liver disease- and cancer-predisposing nsSNPs in the ABCB4 gene with functional importance. These associations have only limited direct medical application at the moment, apart from risk prediction and genetic counseling, but will be a major driver for the identification of targeted therapeutic strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 27 participants, comprising TNBC patients and healthy controls, was conducted, and ADR events were monitored in patients. Wholeexome sequencing was performed using blood genomic DNA. The sequence data were evaluated, and the pathogenicity of variants was predicted using in-silico tools. Associations and correlations of the variants with ADRs were analyzed using statistical methods.

Results: Genetic variants were observed in BRCA1, BRCA2, ABCB1, ALKBH3, CYP4F2, DPYD, MTHFR, and SLC22A10. Pathogenic variants in pharmacogenes, including DPYD (rs1801265), CYP2C9 (T620C), SLC22A16 (rs201574154), SLCO1B1 (rs201722521), RYR1 (rs777680485), AHR (C1282A), and NUDT15 (rs116855232), were identified in association with ADRs. Patients carrying variants in UGT1A1 (rs4148323) and CYP2B6 (rs8192709) experienced ADRs following chemotherapy treatment regimens.

Discussion: In addition to known BRCA1 mutations, novel gene associations were identified, including CYP4F2, DPYD, and ABCB1. Some variants were associated with side effects such as hair loss, fatigue, and cardiac complications. G6PD variants may also contribute to drug resistance.

Conclusion: This study identified certain gene variants linked to a higher risk of TNBC and ADRs during chemotherapy. Alongside established BRCA1 mutations, associations were observed in CYP4F2, DPYD, and ABCB1. Some variants were linked to side effects including hair loss, fatigue, and heart-related issues. As a pilot study with a small sample size, it was underpowered to detect small or medium effects, and its primary purpose is to estimate variability and effect sizes to inform the design of a larger study.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore using keywords like “wearable bioelectronics,” “electrogenetics,” “gene modulation,” and “real-time biosensors.” Studies from 2015 to 2025 were screened, emphasizing devices capable of both sensing and electrical stimulation for genetic control. Design principles, materials, power systems, and biocompatibility were critically reviewed.

Results: Recent advances demonstrate the development of wearable platforms integrating flexible electrodes, wireless communication, and biosensors with synthetic gene circuits. These systems detect physiological cues (e.g., pH, glucose, inflammation) and respond by triggering gene expression via localized electrical pulses. For instance, closed-loop systems for glucose regulation in diabetes or inflammation-responsive gene switches in wound healing have shown promising preclinical outcomes.

Discussion: Wearable electrogenetic devices offer a paradigm shift toward autonomous, precision-based therapeutic interventions. However, challenges remain in ensuring longterm stability, minimizing immune responses, and integrating complex genetic circuits with miniaturized hardware. Ethical and regulatory considerations also require careful navigation.

Conclusion: The convergence of wearable electronics and electrogenetics holds transformative potential for personalized therapy. Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to translate these innovations from bench to bedside, enabling real-time, responsive, and genetically targeted healthcare solutions.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted using studies published between January 2019 and January 2024 from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on clinical trials, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses involving personalized biotic interventions in humans. Data extraction included intervention types, populations, outcomes, and study design.

Results: Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Personalized probiotics showed up to a 30% reduction in inflammatory symptoms in IBD patients and improvements in metabolic and mental health markers. Selective prebiotics demonstrated a 25% decrease in obesity-related biomarkers and supported microbial diversity. Postbiotics exhibited stable immunomodulatory effects with better safety and storage profiles. However, challenges include high costs, methodological heterogeneity, and lack of standardization.

Discussion: Personalized biotics show promising therapeutic potential across diverse health conditions, particularly were microbiome variability impacts treatment response. Emerging technologies such as metagenomics and biomarker profiling support the feasibility of individualized approaches.

Conclusion: Personalized biotics represent a transformative step in gut health and precision medicine. Ongoing clinical validation and standardization are essential to translating this approach into routine healthcare.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles and clinical trial reports from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Key PK/PD limitations and advanced formulation approaches were identified and critically analyzed.

Results: Major PK barriers include poor oral bioavailability, low solubility, rapid metabolism, and short half-life. PD challenges involve multi-target effects, inconsistent dose-response relationships, and a lack of validated biomarkers. Examples include curcumin’s poor bioavailability and resveratrol’s rapid metabolism. Emerging strategies such as nanotechnology-based delivery systems, prodrug development, structural modifications, and co-administration with bioavailability enhancers, such as piperine, have shown promise. Success stories such as Abraxane® (albumin-bound paclitaxel) and topotecan (a camptothecin derivative) illustrate effective translational approaches.

Discussion: Overcoming PK/PD limitations is essential for translating natural compounds into effective oncotherapeutics. Integrating nanomedicine, chemical modifications, and bioenhancers improves pharmacological profiles.

Conclusion: Future directions should combine pharmacogenomics, nanotechnology, and AI-driven drug discovery to enhance the clinical relevance of natural anticancer agents. For example, AI-guided structural optimization of camptothecin analogs (e.g., topotecan) and nanoparticle-based formulations such as Abraxane® demonstrate how computational and translational innovations can successfully advance natural products into clinical oncology.

Methods: This systematic review integrates information from PharmGKB and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines, as well as data from PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and reputable health organisations using keywords related to the study topic. Inclusion criteria encompassed peerreviewed articles, studies in English, and research published within the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria included non-relevant or duplicate studies. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines, with data extraction focusing on study design, outcomes, and reliability to ensure transparency and credibility. The review also examines new findings, such as polygenic risk scores and expanded multigene testing platforms, and highlights clinically relevant gene–drug interactions, including the effect of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on risperidone metabolism.

Results: This study emphasises the significant role of pharmacogenetics in psychiatric treatment, specifically regarding genetic variants in CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. These genetic factors influence treatment with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, and antipsychotics by altering medication metabolism, effectiveness, and adverse effects. The study examines key gene–drug interactions and emerging technologies such as polygenic risk scores, utilising data from PharmGKB, CPIC recommendations, and major medical databases.

Discussion: Despite its promise, widespread implementation faces challenges such as cost, accessibility, and the need for clinician education. Addressing these obstacles through improved insurance coverage and integration of electronic health records can advance precision medicine, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and reducing adverse effects. The gap can be narrowed by employing strategies such as increasing insurance coverage for testing and incorporating genetic decision-support tools into electronic health records.

Conclusion: Integrating pharmacogenetics into psychiatric care can improve treatment safety and precision. For broad adoption, challenges such as cost, test accessibility, and physician education must be addressed. This review supports a future in which pharmacogenetic insights guide psychiatric care to improve treatment outcomes and reduce adverse drug reactions.