Methods: Via bioinformatics approaches, we identified the target miRNA. Subsequently, CCK-8, cell cycle analysis, and flow cytometry were used to check the biological influences of miR-29c-3p on ESCA cells. TransmiR, mirDIP, miRPathDB, and miRDB databases were used as tools for the prediction of upstream transcription factors and downstream genes of miR-29c-3p. The targeting relationship of genes was detected via RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation, which was further validated by dual-luciferase assay. Finally, in vitro experiments revealed the way E2F1/miR-29c-3p/COL11A1 affected sorafenib’s sensitivity, and in vivo experiments were used to verify the way E2F1 and sorafenib impacted ESCA tumor growth.

Results: miR-29c-3p, downregulated in ESCA, could suppress ESCA cell viability, arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and impel apoptosis. E2F1 was found to be upregulated in ESCA and it could abate the transcriptional activity of miR-29c-3p. COL11A1 was found to be a downstream target of miR-29c-3p to enhance cell viability, induce cell cycle arrest in S phase, and constrain apoptosis. Cellular and animal experiments together demonstrated that E2F1 abated the sorafenib’s sensitivity of ESCA cells via miR-29c-3p/COL11A1.

Conclusion: E2F1 affected the viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis of ESCA cells by modulating miR-29c-3p/COL11A1, and it attenuated the sensitivity of ESCA cells to sorafenib, shedding new light on the treatment of ESCA.

Objective: In recent years, significant achievements envisaged in developing targeted drugs for cancer. The global impact of cancer continues to grow. However, the focus of disease-modifying therapies remains elusive. The mTOR is a significant target in cancer to be considered for mTOR inhibitors, even though the costs are high. Despite many mTOR inhibitors, potent, selective inhibitors for mTOR are still limited. Therefore, in this review, the mTOR structure and protein-ligand interactions of utmost importance to provide the basis for molecular modelling and structure-based drug design are discussed.

Conclusion: This review introduces the mTOR, its crystal structure, and the latest research on mTOR.Besides, the role of mTOR in cancer, its function, and its regulation are reviewed. In addition, the mechanistic role of mTOR signalling networks in cancer and interaction with drugs that inhibit the development of mTOR and crystal structures of mTOR and its complexes are explored. Finally, the current status and prospects of mTOR-targeted therapy are addressed.

Methods: To investigate IMPDH2 expression in HB tissues and prognostic significance in HB patients, gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) has been adopted. Immunohistochemistry has also helped to validate the protein expression of IMPDH2 in HB tissues. The effect of IMPDH2 overexpression or depletion on the proliferation of Hepatoblastoma cells in vitro has been evaluated by CCK8 assays and colony formation assays. Xenograft tumor growth of mice has been detected. Luciferase reporter assays have been conducted to determine the interaction of IMPDH2 and JunB, which was further asserted by pharmacological inhibition of JunB.

Results: IMPDH2 was highly expressed in HB tissues. Experimentally, the proliferation and colony formation of HuH6 cells were increased by IMPDH2 overexpression. Conversely, genetic inactivation of IMPDH2 impaired the proliferative efficiency and colony-forming rate of HepG2 cells. Besides, the luciferase reporter assay validated IMPDH2 overexpression to be associated with enhanced JunB transcriptional activity, while its activity was diminished in the case of IMPDH2 depletion. JunB inhibitor neutralized the IMPDH2-mediated increased phosphorylation of JunB.

Conclusion: Our findings, thus, suggest that IMPDH2 exhibits its oncogenic role in HB partially via JunB-dependent proliferation.

Case Presentation: The present case report briefs the finding of a 37-year-old woman who presented to the Gynecological outpatient department with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding and a solid irregular lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast and the right axilla. She had a history of modified radical mastectomy for left breast ductal carcinoma five years back. She was diagnosed as a case of metachronous endometrial carcinoma (stage IA) with a recurrence of invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast with metastasis to the right axillary lymph node.

Conclusion: The metachronous development of breast and endometrial carcinoma in young women is relatively rare. In young patients <40 years of age with gynecological or breast carcinoma, a thorough work-up, including genetic testing and follow-up, should be done for early diagnosis of metachronous or synchronous primary malignancies of other organs.

Objective: This manuscript is aimed at an insightful compilation of scientific substantiations of herbal flavonoids in gynecological cancer along with targeted drug delivery systems for the same.

Materials and Methods: The contents and data represented in the article have been reviewed using institutional libraries and online database resources (available in the public domain) such as PubMed, Science-Direct, Web of Science, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Google Scholar, Hinari, SciFinder, Research Gate, etc.

Results: Flavonoids are natural compounds and have potential against cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments have demonstrated the significant potential of flavonoids in gynecological cancer, especially cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. It was reported from in-vitro experimentations that targeted drug delivery system improves the anticancer effect of flavonoids.

Conclusion: Phytoflavonoids have the potential to prevent gynecological cancer by induction of apoptosis cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species generation. Further studies on the drug delivery system of flavonoids are warranted.

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of renal lesions with low-level enhancement on CT after exposure to anti-cancer drugs.

Methods: Medical records of patients with cancer who developed renal lesions on CT after exposure to anti-cancer drugs were retrospectively reviewed. Renal lesions were scored according to the extent of involvement, CT attenuation values of lesions and normal parenchyma were measured on precontrast CT and three phases of contrast-enhanced CT, and changes in serum creatinine (SCr) from one week before exposure to drugs to one week before and after the appearance of renal lesions were recorded.

Results: This study included 54 patients (86 lesions). Lesions were slightly lower density on pre-contrast CT, and less enhancing than normal renal parenchyma, especially in the delayed phase. Lesions were wedge-shaped, and involved the renal pyramid and associated renal cortex, as well as, were single or multiple, and occurred in the unilateral or bilateral kidneys. There were patchy and cord-like shadows of increased density in adjacent perirenal adipose tissue. During follow-up, lesions disappeared in 15 patients and persisted in 39 patients without significant progression. There were significant differences in renal lesions and normal renal parenchyma CT attenuation values in each phase of contrast-enhanced CT. Change in SCr level was significantly positively correlated with lesion score.

Conclusion: Renal lesions with low-level enhancement on CT suggest early drug-induced kidney injury. These findings will inform clinical decision-making.

Purpose: The study aimed to clarify the value of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) of EC MRI in determining molecular subtypes.

Material and Methods: We retrospectively recruited 109 patients with pathologically proven EC (78 endometrioid cancers and 31 non-endometrioid cancers) with available molecular classification from a tertiary centre. MRI was prospectively performed a month prior to surgery; images were blindly interpreted by two experienced radiologists with consensus reading. The ADC value was measured by an experienced radiologist on the commercially available processing workstation. Interoperator measurement consistency was calculated.

Results: Our sample comprised 17 PLOE, 32 MSI-H, 31 NSMP, and 29 P53abn ECs. Clinical information did not differ significantly among the groups. The maximum diameter and volume of the lesions differed among the groups. The ADC value in the maximal area (ADCarea) or region of interest (ROI, ADCroi) in the P53abn group was higher than that in the other groups (894.0 ±12.6 and 817.5 ± 83.3 x10-6 mm2/s). The ADC mean values were significantly different between the P53abn group and the other groups (P = 0.000). The nomogram showed the highest discriminative ability to distinguish P53abn EC from other types (AUC: 0.859).

Conclusion: Our results have suggested the quantitative MR characteristics (ADC values) derived from preoperative EC MRI to provide useful information in preoperatively determining P53abn cancer.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 55-year-old woman with adenofibroma of the endometrium. This patient was receiving toremifene after surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy. There was no evidence of tumor residual or recurrence at 32 months of MRI follow-up.

Conclusion: In conclusion, we report a rare case of endometrial adenofibroma in a patient receiving toremifene. It must be borne in mind that long-term toremifene therapy may increase the frequency of endometrial neoplasms.

Case Presentation: In this study, a case of a 72-year-old female with XGE and elevated CA125 is presented, which was misdiagnosed as endometrial cancer in transvaginal ultrasonography and ovarian cystadenocarcinoma in CT. However, the features of XGE on the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) were different from that of endometrial cancer. The patient finally underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy.

Discussion: The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry suggested xanthogranulomatous endometritis (histiocytic endometritis). This case report manifests that CEUS may be a new noninvasive diagnostic method for XGE, which may reduce extensive tissue sampling and unnecessary hysterectomies for patients.

Objectives: To determine whether DLIR can provide better image quality and reduce radiation dose in contrast-enhanced abdominal CT compared with the second generation of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR-V).

Aims: This study aims to determine whether deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) can improve image quality.

Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 102 patients were included, who underwent abdominal CT using a DLIR-equipped 256-row scanner and routine CT of the same protocol on the same vendor's 64-row scanner within four months. The CT data from the 256-row scanner were reconstructed into ASiR-V with three blending levels (AV30, AV60, and AV100), and DLIR images with three strength levels (DLIR-L, DLIR-M, and DLIR-H). The routine CT data were reconstructed into AV30, AV60, and AV100. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the liver, overall image quality, subjective noise, lesion conspicuity, and plasticity in the portal venous phase (PVP) of ASiR-V from both scanners and DLIR were compared.

Results: The mean effective radiation dose of PVP of the 256-row scanner was significantly lower than that of the routine CT (6.3±2.0 mSv vs. 2.4±0.6 mSv; p< 0.001). The mean CNR, image quality, subjective noise, and lesion conspicuity of ASiR-V images of the 256-row scanner were significantly lower than those of ASiR-V images at the same blending factor of routine CT, but significantly improved with DLIR algorithms. DLIR-H showed higher CNR, better image quality, and subjective noise than AV30 from routine CT, whereas plasticity was significantly better for AV30.

Conclusion: DLIR can be used for improving image quality and reducing radiation dose in abdominal CT, compared with ASIR-V.

Methods: This retrospective study collected the clinicopathological and imaging data of 218 patients with EC in Yuncheng Central Hospital from March 2018 to May 2022. The patients were randomly divided into training group (n=152) and validation group (n= 66) according to the ratio of 7: 3. Based on the ADC, CE-sag, CE-tra, DWI, T2WI-sag-fs, T2WI-tra sequence images of each patient, the region of interest was manually segmented and the features were extracted. The four-step dimensionality reduction method based on max-relevance and min-redundancy (MRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection and radiomics model construction. Independent predictors of clinicopathological features were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The imaging model based on ADC, CE-sag, CE-tra, DWI, T2WI-sag-fs, T2WI-tra single sequence and combined sequence and the fusion model with clinicopathological features were constructed, and the nomogram was made. ROC curve, correction curve and decision analysis curve were used to evaluate the efficacy and clinical benefits of the nomogram.

Results: There was no significant difference in general clinical data between the training and validation groups (P > 0.05). After screening the extracted features, 16 radiomics features were obtained, which were all related to LVSI in EC patients (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the six independent sequence radiomics models in the training group was 0.807, 0.794, 0.826, 0.794, 0.828, 0.824, respectively. The AUC corresponding to the radiomics model constructed by the combined sequence was 0.884, and the diagnostic efficiency was the best, which was verified in the validation group. The AUC of the nomogram constructed by the combined radiomics model and age maximum tumor diameter(MTD), lymph node enlargement (LNE) in the training group and the validation group were 0.914 and 0.912, respectively. The correction curve shows that the nomogram has good correction performance. The decision curve suggests that taking radiomics nomogram to predict LVSI net benefit when the risk threshold is > 10% is better than considering all patients as LVSI+ or LVSI-.

Conclusion: The combined model based on multi-parametric MRI radiomics features and clinical features has good predictive value for LVSI status in EC patients.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate benign, borderline, and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors using MRI features and contributed to the preoperative evaluation.

Methods: MRIs of 81 patients (20 bilateral), including 31 benign, 27 borderline, and 23 malignant, who had pelvic imaging between 2013-2020, were evaluated retrospectively. The evaluation was made blindly to the pathology result by two radiologists with MRI scoring and features that we determined. MRI evaluation was performed with T1 TSE, T2 TSE, fat-suppressed T2 TSE, and before and after contrast T1 fat-suppressed and non-fat-suppressed TSE images. The numbers and findings obtained in scoring were evaluated by Chi-Square, ordinal logistic regression, and 2 and 3 category ROC analysis.

Results: The total score varied between 7 and 24. Among the three groups, a significant difference was found in terms of T1, T2 signal intensity (p <0.01), size (p = 0.055), solid area (p <0.001), septa number (p <0.05), ovarian parenchyma (p = 0.001), ascites (p <0.001), peritoneal involvement (p <0.001), laterality (p <0.001), contrast enhancement pattern (p <0.001). On the other hand, no significant difference was found in terms of wall thickness, lymph node involvement and endometrial thickness (p> 0.05). Cut-off values were found as 11.5 and 18.5 in the 3-category ROC analysis performed for the score (VUS: 0.8109). Patients with a score below 11.5 were classified as benign, those between 11.5-18.5 as borderline, and those over 18.5 as malignant.

Conclusion: The differentiation of borderline tumors from benign and malignant tumors by MRI scoring will contribute to the preoperative diagnosis.

Case Description: A 42-year-old nulliparous female presented at our institution with massive vaginal bleeding. Radiological studies, including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed an oval-shaped mass with well-defined margins in the uterus protruding into the vagina. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, and the final pathology was confirmed as STUMP.

Conclusion: Distinguishing STUMP from leiomyomas based solely on radiological findings can be challenging. However, if the uterine mass appears as a single mass lacking acoustic shadowing on ultrasound and demonstrates diffusion restriction with high T2 signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging, consideration of STUMP may be necessary for proper patient management, given the poor prognosis associated with this tumor.

Materials and Methods: Patients who had undergone pelvic DWI, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) sequence MRI scan before surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Single index model, double index model, and DKI were used for post-processing of the DWI data, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), real diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), non-Gaussian mean diffusion kurtosis (MK), mean diffusion coefficient (MD) and anisotropy fraction (FA) were calculated and compared between the Ki-67 high (≥50%) and low (<50%) expression groups.

Results: Forty-two patients with a median age of 56 (range 37 - 75) years were enrolled, including 15 patients with a high Ki-67 (≥50%) expression and 27 with a low Ki-67 (<50%) expression. The MK (0.91 ± 0.12 vs. 0.76 ± 0.12) was significantly (P<0.05) higher while MD (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 1.16 ± 0.22), D (0.55 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.08), and f (0.21 vs. 0.28) were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the high than in the low expression group. The combined model of MK, MD, D, and f-values had the largest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.869 (95% CI: 0.764-0.974), sensitivity 0.733 and specificity 0.852, followed by the MK value with an AUC value 0.827 (95% CI: 0.700-0.954), sensitivity 0.733 and specificity 0.815.

Conclusions: IVIM and DKI have certain diagnostic values for preoperative evaluation of the EC Ki-67 expression, and the combined model has the highest diagnostic efficiency.

Objective: To assess the role of Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) in evaluating the immediate therapeutic response of HIFU treatment for uterine fibroids in comparison with CE.

Methods: 68 patients with 74 uterine fibroids receiving HIFU treatment were enrolled, and immediate treatment response was assessed using post-surgical DWI images. Semi-quantitative ordinal ablation quality grading and quantitative nonperfusion volume (NPV) measurement based on DWI and CE imaging were determined by two experienced radiologists. Agreement of ablation quality grading between DWI and CE was assessed using the weighted kappa coefficient, while intraobserver, interobserver and interprotocol agreements of NPV measurements within and between DWI and CE were evaluated using the intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results: Grading of immediate HIFU treatment response showed a moderate agreement between DWI and CE (weighted kappa = 0.446, p < 0.001). NPV measured in 65 fibroids with DWI of Grade 3~5 showed very high ICCs for the intraobserver and interobserver agreement within DWI and CE (all ICC > 0.980, p < 0.001) and also for the interprotocol agreement between DWI and CE (ICC = 0.976, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: DWI could provide satisfactory ablation quality grading, and reliable NPV quantification results to assess immediate therapeutic responses of HIFU treatment for uterine fibroids in most cases, which suggests that non-contrast enhanced DWI might be potentially used as a more costeffective and convenient method in a large proportion of patients for this task replacing CE imaging.

Methods: 216 cases of CT images treated at our center between 2017 and 2020 were included as a sample, which were divided into two cohorts, including 152 cases and 64 cases, respectively. Para-aortic lymph node, common iliac, external iliac, internal iliac, obturator, presacral, and groin nodal regions were delineated as sub-CTV manually in the cohort including 152 cases. Then, the 152 cases were randomly divided into training (96 cases), validation (36 cases), and test (20 cases) groups for the training process. Each structure was individually trained and optimized through a deep learning model. An additional 64 cases with 6 different clinical conditions were taken as examples to verify the feasibility of CTV generation based on our model. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) metrics were both used for quantitative evaluation.

Results: Comparing auto-segmentation results to ground truth, the mean DSC value/HD was 0.838/7.7mm, 0.853/4.7mm, 0.855/4.7mm, 0.844/4.7mm, 0.784/5.2mm, 0.826/4.8mm and 0.874/4.8mm for CTV_PAN, CTV_common iliac, CTV_internal iliac, CTV_external iliac, CTV_obturator, CTV_presacral, and CTV_groin, respectively. The similarity comparison results of six different clinical situations were 0.877/4.4mm, 0.879/4.6mm, 0.881/4.2mm, 0.882/4.3mm, 0.872/6.0mm, and 0.875/4.9mm for DSC value/HD, respectively.

Conclusion: We have developed a deep learning-based approach to segmenting lymph node sub-regions automatically and assembling high-quality CTVs according to clinical needs in cervical cancer radiotherapy. This work can increase the efficiency of the process of cervical cancer detection and treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the value of T1 mapping and amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging in predicting LN metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods: In a retrospective study, twenty-three patients with pathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent MRI and surgery from August 2019 to August 2021 were selected. Then, 3.0T/MR sequences included conventional sequences (T1WI, T2WI, and DWI), APTw imaging, and T1 mapping. Patients were divided into LN metastasis (group A) and non-LN metastasis groups (group B). The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test the inter-observer consistency. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between T1 and APT values. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the differential performance of each parameter and their combination. The difference between AUCs was compared using the DeLong test.

Results: The APT value in patients with LN metastasis was significantly higher than in those without LN metastasis group (P=0.020). Also, similar results were observed for the T1 values (P=0.001). The area under the ROC curve of the APT value in the prediction of LN metastasis was 0.794; when the cutoff value was 1.73%, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.4% and 88.9%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the T1 value was 0.913; when the cutoff value was 1367.36 ms, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.6% and 100.0%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of T1+APT was 0.929, with a sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 100.0%.

Conclusion: APT and T1 values show great diagnostic efficiency in predicting LN metastasis in rectal cancer.

Objective: This study aims to design a model to classify BC Histopathology images accurately by leveraging segmentation techniques.

Methods: This work proposes a combined segmentation and classification approach for classifying BC using histopathology images to address these issues. Chan-Vese algorithm is used for segmentation to accurately delineate regions of interest within the histopathology images, followed by the proposed SegEIR-Net (Segmentation using EfficientNet, InceptionNet, and ResNet) for classification. Bilateral Filtering is also employed for noise reduction. The proposed model uses three significant networks, ResNet, InceptionNet, and EfficientNet, concatenates the outputs from each block followed by Dense and Dropout layers. The model is trained on the breakHis dataset for four different magnifications and tested on BACH (BreAst Cancer Histology) and UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara) datasets.

Results: SegEIR-Net performs better than the existing State-of-the-Art (SOTA) methods in terms of accuracy on all three datasets, proving the robustness of the proposed model. The accuracy achieved on breakHis dataset are 98.66%, 98.39%, 97.52%, 95.22% on different magnifications, and 93.33% and 96.55% on BACH and UCSB datasets.

Conclusion: These performance results indicate the robustness of the proposed SegEIR-Net framework in accurately classifying BC from histopathology images.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the stage of cervical cancer. The mean term of pregnancy at the time of the diagnosis was the early second trimester (range 10-27 weeks) and the median age was 33 years (range 26-40 years). The abdominal and pelvic MRI images and clinical data of these patients were reviewed. Tumor size, local tumor spread, and nodal involvement were evaluated using an MRI dataset. The treatment and follow-up imaging were analyzed as well, and the ADC was measured before and after the chemotherapy.

Results: 16 patients with histopathologically confirmed cervical cancer during pregnancy were retrospectively enrolled. 7 patients were diagnosed with local cervical cancer (FIGO stage IAI) and designated as early stage group, as the lesion was invisible on MRI. In this group, pregnancies were allowed to continue until cesarean delivery (CD) at 38-41 weeks. The other 9 patients presenting with local or extensive cervical cancer (FIGO stage IB2-IIA2) were designated as the advanced-stage group. The lesion could be measured and analyzed on MRI. They were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pregnancy. Among them, 6 patients underwent TP regimen (paclitaxel 135~175 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 70~75 mg/m2), while 3 patients received TC regimen (paclitaxel 135~175 mg/m2 plus carboplatin AUC=5). NACT was performed for 1 to 2 courses before surgery. ADC demonstrated significant differences before and after chemotherapy administered during pregnancy (1.06 ± 0.12 sec/mm2 vs. 1.34 ± 0.21 sec/mm2).

Conclusion: MRI has been found to be helpful in staging cervical cancer in pregnancy. Patients with stage IA confirmed by MRI can choose conservative treatment and continue the pregnancy until term birth. MRI can dynamically monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy for patients with stage IB and above during pregnancy. ADC value can have a potential role in the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy.

Methods: A total of 64 pre-menopausal women with uterine fibroids complicated vitamin D deficiency were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into two groups: the vitamin D group (n=32) which received oral vitamin D (1600 IU/ day) and the control group (n=32) without vitamin D supplementation. After three months of intervention, the mean diameter of uterine fibroids, elastic strain ratio, and blood flow grade were evaluated by multimodal ultrasound, and the clinical symptoms of the two groups were evaluated by questionnaire.

Results: The vitamin D group reported a significant increment in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant reductions in the mean diameter, and elastic strain ratio of uterine fibroids (P =.043 and P =.038, respectively), but no significant difference in the blood flow grade of uterine fibroids was observed (P =.272). Compared with the control group, the vitamin D group achieved significant relief in dysmenorrhea and frequent urination, as well as improvement in heavy menstrual bleeding.

Conclusion: The application of multimodal ultrasound provides a more comprehensive theoretical basis for vitamin on uterine fibroids. Vitamin D can effectively reduce the size of uterine fibroids in pre-menopausal women and relieve their symptoms. It is highly likely to be a promising, safe, effective, and inexpensive drug for uterine fibroids, which has good application value and promotion prospects.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CEUS in LVA surgery and provide a novel approach for the clinical assessment and localization of superficial lymphatic vessels.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of imaging and surgical data was performed on 20 LVA patients. Among them, 10 cases underwent evaluation and localization using indocyanine green (ICG) lymphatic imaging (Group A), while 10 cases were evaluated and localized using CEUS (Group B). The differences in surgical data between the two groups were compared and analyzed.

Results: All 20 patients were female (mean age, 57.7 years ± 6.3 [SD]). CEUS demonstrated superior visualization and localization of superficial lymphatic vessels. The average diameter of lymphatic vessels identified in the CEUS group was significantly greater than that in the ICG group (0.78±0.06 vs. 0.52±0.05mm; P<0.001). The duration of operation in group B was significantly shorter than that in group A (4.47±0.37 vs. 6.70±0.45mm; P<0.001). The number of anastomosed lymphatic vessels in group B was less than that in group A [5.0(4.0, 6.0) vs. 9.5 (9.0, 11.3); P<0.001].

Conclusion: CEUS can serve as a viable alternative to ICG lymphatic imaging, facilitating improved lymphatic venous anastomosis surgery.

Objective: This study aims to summarize available evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical symptoms, mental health, and medical care of patients with endometriosis.

Methods: In the present integrative review using PRISMA guidelines, related articles published from December 2019 to July 2023 in databases including MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar in the English language were extracted.

Results: After evaluating the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, a total of 23 articles were chosen and examined. This study represents an open window to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on women with endometriosis. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the symptoms, mental well-being, and medical care of women with endometriosis.

Conclusions: There is a perceived necessity to provide supportive care for patients during pandemic restrictions. Remote work has had an unanticipated advantage, and it is recommended that women with endometriosis continue to work from home after COVID-19 to maintain their workplace effectiveness.

Objective: The main objective of this review-type paper is to provide a detailed overview of PCOS along with the current concept of a clinical stance in this complex multigenic disorder.

Method : The following databases were used for literature searches: PubMed, Frontiers, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and MDPI. For the purpose of finding pertinent articles and contents, the keywords “PCOS; hirsutism; psychological burden; obesity” and others of a similar nature were utilized.

Conclusion: PCOS is a complicated hormonal, metabolic, and psychological condition with many different clinical manifestations. It is among the most prevalent causes of infertility. Before considering any medication choices, lifestyle modifications should be considered the primary therapeutic prescription for PCOS-related infertility. According to recent studies, PCOS does not affect the risk of ovarian or breast cancer, but it does raise the risk of endometrial cancer in women of all ages. These results suggest that PCOS may increase the risk of gynaecological cancer morbidity. The following stage is ovulation stimulation, which is best accomplished with letrozole and is followed by clomiphene citrate. Women who had not responded to the first-line oral ovulatory medicine were given gonadotropins as a backup. Early detection of girls with a high propensity to develop PCOS will be made possible by a comprehensive knowledge of the condition's etiology. Adolescent PCOS will be better managed overall, related comorbidities will be prevented, and quality of life will increase with customized therapeutic approaches.

Objective: The objective of this review is to explore and summarize various herbs used in managing menopausal symptoms as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. Methods: For this review, we conducted a literature survey spanning from 1998 to 2023. We used keywords such as menopause, endocrinology, hormone replacement therapy, and herbs used for reducing menopausal symptoms to search databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciDirect. Relevant data were sourced from various journals like Plos One, JAMA, Frontier, Drug in Context, MDPI, Molecules, BMC Women's Health, Research Gate, Heliyon, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Nutrients, JMM, Wiley, OXFORD, Hindawi, Clinical Phytoscience, Pharmaceuticals, Phytomedicine, and Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society.

Results: The literature review encompassed 40 research articles and 200 review articles, including randomized controlled trials. The findings revealed that several herbal plants, including Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum, Actaea racemosa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Oenothera biennis, Trifolium pratense, Humulus lupulus, Vitex agnus-castus, Valeriana officinalis, Linum usitatissimum, Cannabis sativa, and Asparagus racemosus, have shown efficacy in treating menopausal symptoms.

Conclusion: In conclusion, medicinal plants can play a significant role in managing acute menopausal syndrome. The intent of this review is to highlight the most recent research on estrogenic plants for medicinal purposes and their therapeutic impact on cognitive deficiencies brought on by estrogen shortage during menopause and aging.

Objective: We propose a novel method to compare directed networks by decomposing the network into small modules, the so-called network subgraph approach, which is distinct from the network motif approach because it does not depend on null model assumptions.

Method: We developed an alignment-free algorithm called the Subgraph Identification Algorithm (SIA, which could generate all subgraphs that have five connected nodes (5-node subgraph). There were 9,364 such modules. Then, we applied the SIA method to examine 17 cancer networks and measured the similarity between the two networks by gauging the similarity level using Jensen- Shannon entropy (HJS).

Results: We identified and examined the biological meaning of 5-node regulatory modules and pairs of cancer networks with the smallest HJS values. The two pairs of networks that show similar patterns are (i) endometrial cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma and (ii) breast cancer and pathways in cancer. Some studies have provided experimental data supporting the 5-node regulatory modules.

Conclusion: Our method is an alignment-free approach that measures the topological similarity of 5-node regulatory modules and aligns two directed networks based on their topology. These modules capture complex interactions among multiple genes that cannot be detected using existing methods that only consider single-gene relations. We analyzed the biological relevance of the regulatory modules and used the subgraph method to identify the modules that shared the same topology across 2 cancer networks out of 17 cancer networks. We validated our findings using evidence from the literature.

Methods: To ensure a thorough search of the literature for relevant English studies published before July 2023, several databases were searched, including PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The study evaluated the impact of lncRNA SNHG5 on the overall survival (OS) of cancer by calculating the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To further confirm the accuracy of the findings, the study investigated the expression profile and prognostic significance of lncRNA SNHG5 through the use of GenomicScape, OncoLnc, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and GEPIA databases.

Results: In this study, 995 patients were examined across a total of fourteen original studies. The findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between heightened lncRNA SNHG5 expression and reduced OS, as evidenced by both univariate and multivariate analyses (HR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.44-2.49; p < 0.001; HR = 3.97; 95% CI, 1.80-8.73; p < 0.001, respectively). Pooled OR analysis showed a significant association between over-expression of lncRNA SNHG5 with advanced histological grade (OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71; p = 0.007), present lymph node metastasis (LNM; OR = 4.28; 95% CI, 2.47-7.43; p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.15-0.49; p < 0.001). Bioinformatic databases confirmed that elevated SNHG5 expression was significantly linked to poor prognosis in cancer patients, including colorectal cancer (CRC), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD), and a longer OS in patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC).

Conclusion: These results suggest that lncRNA SNHG5 may serve as an adverse prognostic biomarker in several human cancers. Further investigations are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms that link lncRNA SNHG5 to multiple malignancies.

Materials and Methods: To answer the study question, a comprehensive search was carried out in databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus, using keywords, including cancer, gynecologic cancer, breast cancer, treatment, delay, and modification. Full-texted, English language and original articles were included in this study.

Results: In total, 27 articles were selected for the study. The findings of this study revealed that COVID-19 greatly affects the treatment of gynecology and breast cancer. These patients experience delay or modification of cancer treatment. Increased time between diagnosis and treatment, delay, change or cancellation of surgery and change in treatment plan are the most important changes in cancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various aspects of gynecology and breast cancer care worldwide. In the current pandemic, there has been a significant delay in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological and breast cancer, which, due to its higher morbidity and mortality, has made the condition more difficult for cancer patients and treatment teams.

Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the contribution of ultrasonography in perimenopausal metrorrhagia and investigate possible clinical-ultrasound correlation.

Methods: This analytical descriptive study was carried out on 50 treated for perimenopausal metrorrhagia in the emergency department of the Tunis Maternity and Neonatology Center for four months (November 1, 2017, to February 28, 2018). We included in our study patients who were not yet postmenopausal who were ≥ 45 years of age, and who sought care for breakthrough bleeding. All patients in our study initially underwent endovaginal ultrasonography, sometimes coupled with suprapubic ultrasonography.

Results: The mean age of our patients was 46.3 years. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed an enlarged uterus in 16 patients (32%), with 14 of them having fibromatous uteri measuring between 3 to 10 centimeters. The findings indicate no significant correlation between ultrasound results and bleeding abundance (P = 0.321), pelvic pain (P = 0.108), and general condition (P = 0.437).

Conclusion: Endovaginal pelvic ultrasonography is a quick, painless test and is the first test to be done first in an emergency department with perimenopausal vaginal bleeding. The correlation between clinical and ultrasound findings is highly random, making it impossible to assume a well-- coded diagnostic and therapeutic presumption.

Objective: To analyze the socio-demographic, etio-pathological features and management of uterine cancer and evaluate its correlation with grading/staging in our population.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzed data from 97 histologically proven uterine cancer cases. Age, parity, symptoms, co-morbidities, body mass index (BMI), ultrasound features, histopathology type, stage and grade of the tumor, type of hysterectomy done, complications and mortality were analysed. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and chi-square test, and a p-value<0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results: The mean age of diagnosis was 57.91 years, and the mean BMI was 29.32 Kg/m². Majority of the patients were multiparous (42.27%), and only 10% were nulliparous. The disease was detected at an earlier age in nulliparous and obese women. Diabetes and hypertension were found in 75.25%. Most of the patients were detected with stage I cancer (80.6%). Patients diagnosed with uterine cancer on biopsy were treated with total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy andbilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (55.8%). Over 36% of patients received postop radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. 21% patients were lost to follow-up and 12.37% died. Also, 24 cases had postoperative complications (wound infection).

Conclusion: Uterine cancer is common among obese women with diabetes and hypertension. In nulliparous and the obese, the cancer was detected at an earlier age. Most of our patients had stage 1 disease, and 90% was endometroid cancer. The study highlights the importance of endometrial sampling before hysterectomy in perimenopausal women to avoid suboptimal surgery in patients diagnosed with uterine cancer after a simple hysterectomy.

Objective: The study aimed to compare self-esteem, body image, and depression in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized Iranian women.

Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 140 women of the reproductive age, who have undergone hysterectomy with benign causes, were compared in terms of self-esteem, body image, and depression with 140 women receiving medical treatment due to abnormal bleeding in educational and medical centers in Tabriz, Iran. Sampling was conducted by convenience method. Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, body image was assessed with the multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire, and depression was assessed with the Beck II depression inventory. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and general linear model.

Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the body image in hysterectomized and nonhysterectomized women was 235.3 (28.5) and 250.1 (23.4) out of an achievable score of 69-395, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) self-esteem score for hysterectomized women was 20.4 (4.8) and it was 24.2 (3.4) in non-hysterectomized women (out of an achievable score of 0-30). The mean (standard deviation) depression score was 18.1 (9.7) and 5.5 (4.6) out of 0-63 in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively. The differences in self-esteem, body image, and depression variables were statistically significant in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively (P<0.001).

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the body image and self-esteem in hysterectomized women were low compared to non-hysterectomized women, while the level of depression was high, and this difference was statistically significant.

Methods: We initially utilized pan-cancer transcriptomics to explore the expression, prognosis, and mutation status of genes related to disulfidptosis. Using the LUAD multi- -omics cohorts in the TCGA database, we explore the molecular characteristics of subtypes related to disulfidptosis. Employing various machine learning algorithms, we construct a robust prognostic model to predict immune therapy responses and explore the model's impact on the tumor microenvironment through single-cell transcriptome data. Finally, the biological functions of genes related to the prognostic model are verified through laboratory experiments.

Results: Genes related to disulfidptosis exhibit high expression and significant prognostic value in various cancers, including LUAD. Two disulfidptosis subtypes with distinct prognoses and molecular characteristics have been identified, leading to the development of a robust DSRS prognostic model, where a lower risk score correlates with a higher response rate to immunotherapy and a better patient prognosis. NAPSA, a critical gene in the risk model, was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells.

Conclusion: Our research introduces an innovative prognostic risk model predicated upon disulfidptosis genes for patients afflicted with Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This model proficiently forecasts the survival rates and therapeutic outcomes for LUAD patients, thereby delineating the high-risk population with distinctive immune cell infiltration and a state of immunosuppression. Furthermore, NAPSA can inhibit the proliferation and invasion capabilities of LUAD cells, thereby identifying new molecules for clinical targeted therapy.

Methods: This study revealed that high levels of USP31 were discovered in LUSC tissue samples employing the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, quantitative real- time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was tested via cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) as well as colony formation, demonstrating that USP31-stable knockdown reduced cell viability.

Results: Immunofluorescence analysis illustrated that USP31 knockdown blocked the occurrence of LUSC autophagy. Meanwhile, USP31 has been shown to stabilize the expression of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) through the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, overexpressed E2F1 effectively eliminated the effect of USP31 knockdown on LUSC cell proliferation and autophagy.

Conclusion: In summary, this investigation proved that USP31 promoted LUSC cell growth and autophagy, at least in part by stabilizing E2F1 expression, which provided a potential therapeutic gene for the treatment of LUSC.

Methods: We used Gene Expression Omnibus for target gene identification, while KEGG was used to delineate CC-related pathways. Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis levels in CC cells were assessed using CCK8, Transwell, and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of the target genes on the in vivo tumorigenesis of CC cells was evaluated using the subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay.

Results: ZIP14 (SLC39A14) was found to be underexpressed in CC samples. Our KEGG pathway analysis revealed the potential involvement of the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in CC pathogenesis. Overexpression of ZIP14 in HeLa and Caski cells increased p38 phosphorylation, inhibited cell growth and migration, and enhanced apoptosis. Conversely, ZIP14 knockdown produced the opposite effects. Importantly, the bioeffects induced by ZIP14 overexpression could be counteracted by the p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580. In vivo experiments further confirmed the influence of ZIP14 on CC cell migration.

Conclusion: Our study is the first to elucidate the pivotal role of ZIP14 in the pathogenesis of CC, revealing its inhibitory effects through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The discovery not only provides a deeper understanding of CC's molecular underpinnings, but also highlights ZIP14 as a promising therapeutic target. As ZIP14 holds significant potential for therapeutic interventions, our findings lay a robust foundation for further studies and pave the way for the exploration of novel treatment modalities for cervical cancer.

Objectives: We aimed to identify global protein changes and potential core proteins involved in CPZ-mediated inhibition of migration in SCC-15 cells using proteomics.

Methods: We assessed the effect of CPZ on SCC-15 using CCK-8 assays and wound healing experiments. Next, we performed LC-MS-based proteomic analysis to identify protein alterations in SCC-15 cells treated with CPZ at different times. Differential expression proteins (DEPs) were identified and subjected to bioinformatics analysis using GO, KEGG, and PPI tools. Key candidate proteins were selected and validated using the TCGA-HNSCC database and molecular docking.

Results: It was found that 20μm of CPZ had no effect on cell proliferation, but inhibited cell migration. A total of 4748 proteins were identified by Proteomics, among which 56 DEPs were identified, including 34 upregulated proteins and 22 downregulated proteins. Three proteins (RPF2, ACTB, and TGFBI) were identified as key candidate proteins associated with cell adhesion and migration in oral cancer cells.

Conclusion: CPZ may affect the expression of RPF2, ACTB, and TGFBI proteins and change the extracellular matrix and cell adhesion function, thus inhibiting the migration of SCC-15 cells. The results of this study provide a robust basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of CPZ to inhibit the migration of OSCC.

Methods: Synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles from the reaction of 2-((6-Nitrobenzo[ d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide with hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the existence of triethylamine as basic catalyst. The antioxidant, in vitro antiproliferative, and cytotoxicity efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were measured.

Results: In this work, novel series of 5-methyl-2-(2-(-(6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene) hydrazinyl)-4-(aryldiazenyl)thiazoles (4a-f) were prepared via the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-f with 2-((6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) in dioxane and employing triethylamine as basic catalyst. Following the same procedure, bisthiazoles (6, 8, and 10) have been synthesized by utilizing bis-hydrazonoyl chlorides (5, 7, and 9) and carbothioamide 1 in a molar ratio (1:2), respectively. The distinctive features in the structure of isolated products were elucidated by spectroscopic tools and elemental analyses. The antioxidant, in vitro anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity, and anti-cancer efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were evaluated. Compounds 4d and 4f were the most potent antioxidant agents. Gene expression of apoptosis markers and fragmentation assay of DNA were assessed to explore the biochemical mechanism of synthesized products. Thiazoles significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation more than bis-thiazoles. They induced apoptosis through induction of apoptotic gene expression P53 and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene expression Bcl-2. Moreover, they induced fragmentation of DNA in cancer cells, indicating that they could be employed as anticancer agents by inhibiting tumor growth and progression and can be considered effective compounds in the strategy of anti-cancer agents’ discovery.

Conclusion: Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy based on Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles.

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis and experimental validation of ZNF695 in CESC.

Methods: The study investigated the expression of ZNF695 in both pan-cancer and CESC, utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to assess its diagnostic value. The present study investigated the association between ZNF695 expression levels and clinical characteristics, as well as prognosis, in patients with CESC. The study explored potential regulatory networks involving ZNF695, including its association with immune infiltration, immune score, stemness index based on mRNA expression (mRNAsi), and drug sensitivity in CESC. We explored the expression of ZNF695 in CESC single cells. ZNF695 expression was validated using GSE29570.

Results: ZNF695 was found to be aberrantly expressed in pan-cancer and CESC. There was a significant correlation observed between an elevated level of ZNF695 expression in patients with CESC and histological grade (p = 0.017). Furthermore, a strong association was found between high ZNF695 expression in CESC patients and poorer overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.17-3.00; p = 0.009), Progression-free Survival (PFS) (HR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.16-2.98; p = 0.010), and Disease-specific Survival (DSS) (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.15-3.42; p = 0.014). The expression of ZNF695 in CESC patients (p = 0.006) was identified as an independent prognostic determinant. ZNF695 was associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and so on. ZNF695 expression correlated with immune infiltration, immune score, and mRNAsi in CESC. ZNF695 expression significantly and negatively correlated with AICA ribonucleotide, BIX02189, QL-XI-92, STF-62247, and SNX-2112 in CESC. ZNF695 gene was upregulated in CESC tissues and cell lines. ZNF695 was significantly upregulated in the CESC cell lines.

Conclusion: ZNF695 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for CESC patients.

Objective: Based on a literature review, we propose the PaSTe regimen (Pantoprazole, Simvastatin, Trimetazidine) as a metabolic therapy for prostate cancer. Pantoprazole and simvastatin inhibit the enzymes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), therefore, blocking the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, respectively. In contrast, trimetazidine inhibits the enzyme 3-β-Ketoacyl- CoA thiolase (3-KAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of fatty acids (FAO). It is known that the pharmacological or genetic depletion of any of these enzymes has antitumor effects in prostatic cancer.

Results: Based on this information, we hypothesize that the PaSTe regimen will have increased antitumor effects and may impede the metabolic reprogramming shift. Existing knowledge shows that enzyme inhibition occurs at molar concentrations achieved in plasma at standard doses of these drugs.

Conclusion: We conclude that this regimen deserves to be preclinically evaluated because of its clinical potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to explore and elucidate the mechanism of action of PZD on lung cancer using network pharmacology methods.

Methods: Active compounds were selected according to the ADME parameters recorded in the TCMSP database. Potential pathways related to genes were identified through GO and KEGG analysis. The compoundtarget network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and the core common targets were obtained by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Batch molecular docking of small molecule compounds and target proteins was carried out by using the AutoDock Vina program. Different concentrations of PZD water extracts (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/mL) were used on lung cancer cells. Moreover, MTT and Transwell experiments were conducted to validate the prominent therapeutic effects of PZD on lung cancer cell H1299.

Results: A total of 381 components in PZD were screened, of which 16 were selected as bioactive compounds. The compound-target network consisting of 16 compounds and 79 common core targets was constructed. MTT experiment showed that the PZD extract could inhibit the cell proliferation of NCI-H1299 cells, and the IC₅₀ was calculated as 97.34 ± 6.14 μg/mL. Transwell and wound-healing experiments showed that the PZD could significantly decrease cell migration and invasion at concentrations of 80 and 160 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro experiments confirmed that PZD had significant therapeutic effects on lung cancer cells, mainly through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion: PZD could inhibit the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NCI-H1299 cells partially through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings suggested that PZD might be a potential treatment strategy for lung cancer patients.

Methods: Patients with gynecological cancer undergoing IRT-HDR were analyzed. Patients answered three questionnaires before the IRT procedure (T0) and at the end of IRT (T1): Distress Thermometer (DT), Numerical Rating Scale for IRT procedure distress (NRS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Correlations have been calculated pairwise through pandas. corrwith with a Pearson algorithm, and the p-values have been calculated through scipy.stats.pearsonr. Plots have been generated through seaborn and matplotlib. A Wilcoxon test was used.

Results: 55 patients were selected for this study. The median age of the patients was 64 (range, 39-84) years. 52 patients were with stage I endometrial cancer, whereas 3/3 patients with cervical cancer had locally advanced stages (IIB-IVA). 26 patients had a high education level (47.3%), and 38 were married or with a partner (69.1%). Only 14/55 (25.45%) patients were working. The HADS, DT, and NRS averages before the IRT procedure (T0) were 10.2, 3.8, and 4.3, respectively. After applying the HAPPY protocol, the HADS, DT, and NRS averages after IRT (T1) were 9.4, 3.4, and 2.6, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test analysis showed a significant improvement in NRS (p < 0.00001) and HADS (p = 0.034). Living with a partner, parents or relatives was the only parameter statistically significantly associated with better DT pre-IRT (p = 0.04), HADS pre-IRT (p = 0.01), DT post-IRT (p = 0.01), and HADS post-IRT (p = 0.04).

Conclusion: In our study, the HAPPY protocol was associated with a significant reduction in patients’ distress, anxiety, and discomfort.

Methods: Ferroptosis is a unique cell death mode driven by iron-reliant phospholipid peroxidation, which is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including REDOX homeostasis, iron metabolism, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars. Thus, the levels of ferroptosis markers (MDA, SOD, GSH) were measured in vitro, and NSCLC cell behaviors were assessed. SETD1A-mediated H3K4me3 methylation was analyzed. SETD1A-exerted effects on ferroptosis and tumor growth in vivo were verified in nude mouse models.

Results: SETD1A was highly expressed in NSCLC cells. Silencing SETD1A suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, inhibited MDA, and enhanced GPX4, SOD, and GSH levels. SETD1A elevated WTAP expression through WTAPP1 upregulation by mediating H3K4me3 methylation in the WTAPP1 promoter region. WTAPP1 overexpression partly averted the promotional effect of silencing SETD1A on NSCLC cell ferroptosis. WTAP interference abrogated the inhibitory effects of WTAPP1 on NSCLC cell ferroptosis. Silencing SETD1A facilitated ferroptosis and accelerated tumor growth in nude mice through the WTAPP1/WTAP axis.

Conclusion: SETD1A amplified WTAP expression through WTAPP1 upregulation by mediating H3K4me3 modification in the WTAPP1 promoter region, thus promoting NSCLC cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting ferroptosis.

Methods: Expression level and prognostic value of LINC00982 were investigated in pan-cancer and lung cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Differential expression analysis based on the LINC00982 expression level was performed in LUAD followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and functional enrichment analyses. The association between LINC00982 expression and tumor immune microenvironment characteristics was evaluated. A potential ceRNA regulatory axis was identified and experimentally validated.

Results: We found that LINC00982 expression was downregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD. Enrichment analyses revealed that LINC00982 could inhibit DNA damage repair and cell proliferation, but enhance tumor metabolic reprogramming. We identified a competing endogenous RNA network involving LINC00982, miR-183-5p, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 8 (ABCA8). Luciferase assays confirmed that miR-183-5p can interact with LINC00982 and ABCA8. Forced miR-183-5p expression reduced LINC00982 transcript levels and suppressed ABCA8 expression.

Conclusions: Our findings revealed the LINC00982/miR-183-5p/ABCA8 axis as a potential therapeutic target in LUAD.

Methods: This study employed the network pharmacology to establish a “drug-active ingredient-target genedisease” network via using TCMSP, SymMap, GeneCard, and OMIM databases. The PPI network was conducted by the String tool. The core targets of XHW in the treatment of rectal cancer and radiation enteritis were identified by topological analysis, and the functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed.

Results: A total of 61 active ingredients of XHW ingredients, 4607 rectal cancer-related genes, 5803 radiation enteritis-related genes, and 68 common targets of XHW in the treatment of rectal cancer and radiation enteritis were obtained. PTGS1 and NR3C2, as identified potential targets, were significantly associated with OS of colorectal cancer patients. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that bioinformatics annotation of these common genes was mainly involved in DNA-binding transcription factor, PI3K/Akt, TNF, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and colorectal cancer pathway.

Conclusion: The active ingredients of XHW, mainly including Quercetin, Ellagic acid, and Stigmasterol, might act on common targets of rectal cancer and radiation enteritis, such as PTGS1, NR3C2, IL-6, EGFR, HIF-1A, CASP3, BCL2, ESR1, MYC, and PPARG, and regulate multiple signaling pathways like PI3K-Akt, TNF, and HIF-1 to inhibit tumor proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress, thereby achieving prevention and treatment of radiation enteritis in rectal cancer patients during radiotherapy. It provided an important reference for further elucidating the anti-inflammation and anti-tumor mechanism and clinical application of XHW.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of AFAP1-AS1's functions in gynecology and urogenital systems using the “PubMed” database.

Results: Our analysis reveals that AFAP1-AS1 is overexpressed and engages in the initiation and process of gynecological and urogenital diseases. The regulatory mechanisms employed by AFAP1-AS1 involve four major strategies: gene-level effects, competition for microRNA (miRNA) repression, protein binding, participation in signaling networks that influence cellular processes such as proliferative phenotype, migration, invasiveness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cycle regulation, drug resistance, and more. Furthermore, AFAP1-AS1 is implicated in guiding clinicopathological characteristics.

Conclusion: AFAP1-AS1 holds promise as a potent diagnostics and treatment option for gynecological and genitourinary systems in the future.]]> https://www.benthamscience.comarticle/138262 https://www.benthamscience.comarticle/137497Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and life-threatening form of cancer, with Shelian Capsule (SLC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, being recommended for clinical treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain elusive. This study sought to uncover the potential mechanisms of SLC in HCC treatment using bioinformatics methods.

Methods: Bioactive components of SLC were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and HCC-related microarray chip data were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The selection criteria for components included OB ≧ 30% and DL ≧ 0.18. By integrating the results of differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), disease-related genes were identified. Therapeutic targets were determined as shared items between candidate targets and disease genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted for concatenated genes, with core protein clusters identified using the MCODE plugin. Machine learning algorithms were applied to identify signature genes within therapeutic targets. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) analysis, molecular docking, and ADME analysis were performed for the screened genes.

Results: A total of 153 SLC ingredients and 170 candidate targets were identified, along with 494 HCCrelated disease genes. Overlapping items between disease genes and drug candidates represented therapeutic genes, and PPI network analysis was conducted using concatenated genes. MCODE1 and MCODE2 cluster genes underwent Disease Ontology (DO), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Four signature genes (TOP2A, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and IGFBP3) were identified from 28 therapeutic genes using 3 machine learning algorithms, with ROC curves plotted. Molecular docking validated the interaction modes and binding abilities between signature genes and corresponding compounds, with free binding energy all <-7 kcal/mol. Finally, ADME analysis revealed similarities between certain SLC components and the clinical drugs Sorafenib and Lenvatinib.

Conclusion: In summary, our study revealed that the mechanism underlying the anti-HCC effects of SLC involves interactions at three levels: components (quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, baicalein, stigmasterol, and luteolin), pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway), and targets (TOP2A, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and IGFBP3). This study provides preliminary insights into the potential pharmacological mechanisms of SLC in HCC treatment, aiming to support its clinical application and serve as a reference for future laboratory investigations.

Objective: Our study was presented to investigate the function of MCU in endometrial tumorigenesis and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Materials and Methods: A total of 94 endometrial cancer patients were recruited into our cohort. MCU and VDAC1 expression was examined in tumor and normal tissues via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Associations of MCU and VDAC1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. After transfection with shRNA targeting MCU or full-length MCU plasmids, clone formation, wound healing, transwell and MitoTracker Red staining were separately presented in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells. Moreover, Western blotting or immunofluorescence was utilized to examine the expression of MCU, VDAC1, Na⁺/Ca2⁺/Li⁺ exchanger (NCLX), and β-catenin under VDAC1 knockdown and/or MCU overexpression or knockdown.

Results: MCU and VDAC1 expression were prominently up-regulated in endometrial cancer tissues and were significantly associated with histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion and lymph node status. MCU up-regulation enhanced clone formation, migration, and mitochondrial activity of endometrial cancer cells. The opposite results were investigated when MCU was silenced. MCU or VDAC1 silencing reduced the expression of MCU, VDAC1, NCLX, and β-catenin. Moreover, VDAC1 knockdown alleviated the promoting effect of MCU overexpression on the above proteins.

Conclusion: This investigation demonstrated that MCU-induced mitochondrial calcium uptake plays a critical role in endometrial tumorigenesis through interaction with VDAC1.

Introduction: Cancer is the deadliest disease globally and is challenging to healthcare systems. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, affecting all age groups and is the most common cancer in 23 countries, as per the World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods: In this review, we addressed the nanocarrier-based strategic treatment of colorectal cancer, along with major findings, limitations, and future perspectives. For this, we thoroughly reviewed several literatures downloaded from prime sources, such as google scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Publon. To filter the exact data needed, we used keywords alone or in combination. Various relevant articles were obtained from the reference section of the selected papers.

Result and Discussion: It is necessary to have an effective and targeted treatment option to control CRC other than available remedies. Nanotechnology has been widely used to diagnose and treat several cancer types. Advances in nanomedicine and phytonanomedicine have promoted novel identification methods to treat colorectal cancer patients. There are several nanocarriers recommended for clinical purposes. However, to date, only a few clinically approved nanocarriers can load anticancer moieties and selectively bind to cancer cells. Some nanocarriers transport and release treatments to the target colorectal area but provide few benefits.

Conclusion: In this review, various nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties have been discussed in relation to managing colorectal cancer, along with major outcomes of clinical trials and successful patents published so far.

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Objective: Cancer patients, including those with CRC, who undergo chemotherapy, are often treated with platinum- based anticancer drugs such as oxaliplatin (OXA). Nevertheless, the administration of OXA is associated with a range of gastrointestinal problems, neuropathy, and respiratory tract infections. Hence, it is necessary to devise a potential strategy that can effectively tackle these aforementioned challenges. The use of nanocarriers has shown great potential in cancer treatment due to their ability to minimize side effects, target drugs directly to cancer cells, and improve drug efficacy. Furthermore, numerous studies have been published regarding the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles in the management of colorectal cancer.

Methods: In this review, we present the most relevant nanostructures used for OXA encapsulation in recent years, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, polysaccharides, proteins, silica nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and synthetic polymer-carriers. Additionally, the paper provides a summary of the disadvantages and limits associated with nanoparticles.

Results: The use of different carriers for the delivery of oxaliplatin increased the efficiency and reduced the side effects of the drug. It has been observed that the majority of research investigations have focused on liposomes and polysaccharides.

Conclusion: This potentially auspicious method has the potential to enhance results and enhance the quality of life for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, additional investigation is required to ascertain the most suitable medium for the transportation of oxaliplatin and to assess its efficacy through clinical trials.

Methods: The cell viability (IC₅₀) was examined through CCK8 assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of genes were measured through RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferation was evaluated through colony formation and EdU assays. The cell apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry.

Results: In this work, through bioinformatic analysis on online websites, it is found that the up-regulated expression of PROM2 existed in endometrial cancer. In addition, the survival probability of UCEC patients with high PROM2 expression was worse. This study adopted PTX treatment for obtaining the PTX-resistant cells (HEC-1A/PTX and KLE/PTX). Furthermore, suppression of PROM2 enhanced PTX sensitivity through decreasing IC₅₀ and proliferation in endometrial cancer. Additionally, knockdown of PROM2 facilitated cell apoptosis in HEC-1A/PTX and KLE/PTX cells. Next, we found that silencing of PROM2 retards the AKT/FOXO1 pathway. At last, rescue assays reversed the strengthened PTX sensitivity mediated by PROM2 inhibition after SC79 treatment (AKT activator).

Conclusion: Knockdown of PROM2 enhanced PTX sensitivity in endometrial cancer through modulating the AKT/FOXO1 pathway. This study hinted that PROM2 may be a useful therapeutic target for PTX treatment in endometrial cancer.

Methods: In this paper, three datasets about cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer from GEO were used to dig out common DEGs (differentially expressed genes) among cervical cancer/ovarian cancer/endometrial cancer. DEGs contain 400 up-regulation genes and 157 down-regulation genes.

Results: The results of GO (gene ontology) functional enrichment analysis show that the BP (biological process) changes of DEGs are mainly in cell division, mitotic nuclear division, sister chromatid cohesion, and DNA replication. The CC (cell component) function enrichments of DEGs were mainly in the nucleoplasm, nucleus, condensed chromosome kinetochore, chromosome, centromeric region. The MF (molecular function) function enrichments of DEGs were mainly in protein binding. The results of the KEGG pathway analysis showed that the upregulation DEGs were mainly enriched in retinoblastoma gene in the cell cycle, cellular senescence, oocyte meiosis, and pathways in cancer, while the downregulation DEGs enriched in thiamine metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Similarly, the function of the most significant module was enriched in cell division, condensed chromosome kinetochore, and microtubule motor activity.

Conclusion: In the result, 4 of the top 10 hub genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CDC6 and CDK1) will provide help for future biomedical experimental research.

Objective: In this study, for the first time, the impacts of 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α- NETA), an antagonist of CMKLR1, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and their combinations on metabolic and endocrine aberrancies were assessed in the WAT and ovarian tissues of the letrozole (LET)-induced PCOS rats.

Methods: In the current study, 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (n = 6), LET-induced PCOS (1.5 mg/kg p.o., n = 6), LET + ADSCs (10⁶ ADSCs i.v., n = 6), LET + α-NETA (10 mg/kg p.o., n = 6), and LET + ADSCs + α-NETA (n = 6). The blood samples and adipose and ovarian tissues were obtained to evaluate the effects of ADSCs and α-NETA on hormonal and metabolic parameters in the PCOS rats.

Results: Our findings showed that the administration of α-NETA, ADSCs, and the combination of both favorably restored the irregular estrus cycle and considerably modulated the endocrine parameters in PCOS rats. In addition, these therapeutic factors remarkably regulated steroidogenic and adipogenic gene expressions, as well as the genes related to glucose metabolism and brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers in these animals.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that the combination of ADSCs and α-NETA can successfully ameliorate metabolic and endocrine dysfunction in LET-induced PCOS rats, and this strategy could be a new therapeutic choice for patients with PCOS.

Objectives: The aims of the current study are: 1) to summarize the advantages and dose-limiting effects of the approved and unapproved chemotherapy platinum cytostatics, 2) to develop new strategies for the development of platinum anticancer drugs, and 3) to clarify the important factors for the mechanism of action of platinum complexes.

Methods: A search was conducted in the literature databases, and the obtained information was summarized and analyzed.

Results: Myelosuppression is the main dose-limiting effect and the reason for the disapproval of platinum complexes, such as picoplatin, enloplatin, miboplatin, sebriplatin, zeniplatin, spiroplatin, iproplatin, and ormaplatin. From the basic point of view of inorganic coordination chemistry, such as theoretical calculations, crystal structures of model complexes, docking structures with nucleic acid molecules, spectroscopy, and biological aspects, the importance of physicochemical properties of inorganic platinum complexes for their mechanism of action has been indicated. Spectroscopic methods, such as FTIR, NMR, X-ray crystal structure analysis, and fluorescence microscopy, are important for the investigation of the conformational changes in the binding of platinum complexes and DNA.

Conclusion: In the development of platinum complexes, strong anti-cancer drug activity, low toxicity, and resistance can be obtained by the application of polynuclear platinum agents, complexes with targeted activity, and nanoparticle formulations. Electronic structure, stereochemical, and thermodynamic properties are essential for understanding the reaction mechanism of platinum complexes.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the GCF periostin level among CP, EC, and healthy people and the evaluation of the plausible role of periostin in this association.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 participants including 20 people with both EC and CP (EC-CP), 20 only CP cases (H-CP), 20 only EC cases (EC-H), and 20 healthy people (H-H). Then, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) periostin levels for all the participants were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the data were analyzed using Stata software version 11.

Results: The mean value of periostin levels was significantly different between groups (p < 0.001) and the lowest and highest mean was observed in EC-CP and H-H groups, respectively. The mean of GCF periostin before treatment in the EC-CP group was 2.14 which was lower than that after treatment; however, this difference was not significant (p = 0.086). Also, the mean of GCF periostin in the H-CP group was 3.96 before non-surgical treatment and after treatment it significantly raised to 6.79 (p = 0.049).

Conclusion: Periostin is a potential biomarker for CP diagnosis in EC patients and also can be used to prevent CP. However, further studies are required to confirm this role.

Methods: The current literature data on the caveolae behavior in norm and pathology were revised.

Results: Caveolae are expressed in various cell types, highly concentrated in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and epithelial cells. Physiologically, caveolae contribute to maintaining a signaling balance between the various homeostatic processes, including pro-growth and pro-survival, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, PKA, SFK, PKC, Akt through regulation of tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and MAPK pathways, and their signaling dysfunction is directly attributed to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, regeneration inhibition, neurodegenerative diseases, infection, osteoporosis, diabetes, and tumour induction and progression.

Conclusion: Regulation of the ratio and penetrance of caveolae activity/expression is a clinically significant potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the current therapies and eliminate the etiopathogenetic pathway of rising homeostatic disorders.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a non-pregnant woman with severe respiratory symptoms masquerading as pulmonary infection who was diagnosed with pulmonary metastasis of the gestational trophoblastic disease.

Conclusion: The timely diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis was the key aspect in the management of our case, and she survived and was discharged to home after a long hospitalization course.

Moreover, the current findings of the interplay between the oncogenic pathways and the lipid metabolic enzymes are elucidated briefly. The therapeutic implications of modulating these aberrations for the advancement of anti-cancer therapies are also discussed. Although the understanding of altered lipid metabolism in cancer initiation and progression is still in its infancy and somewhat obscure, its in-depth comprehension will open promising therapeutic opportunities for the development of novel and promising strategies for cancer treatment and management.

Objective: To analyze pathophysiological characteristics/co-morbidities precipitating myocardial ischemia in patients with HTN LVH and provide a rationale for recommending beta-blockers (BBs) to prevent/treat ischemia in LVH.

Methods: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer Verlag, and Google Scholar for review articles and guidelines on hypertension from 01/01/2000 until 01/05/2022. The search was limited to publications written in English.

Results: HTN LVH worsens ischemia in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Even without obstructive CAD, several pathophysiological mechanisms in HTN LVH can lead to myocardial ischemia. In the same guidelines that recommend BBs for patients with HTN and CAD, we could not find a single recommendation for BBs in patients with HTN LVH but without proven CAD. There are several reasons for the proposal of using some BBs to control ischemia in patients with HTN and LVH (even in the absence of obstructive CAD).

Conclusion: Some BBs ought to be considered to prevent/treat ischemia in patients with HTN LVH (even in the absence of obstructive CAD). Furthermore, LVH and ischemic events are important causes of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death; these events are another reason for recommending certain BBs for HTN LVH.

Methods: The included studies were retrieved and summarized through the PubMed database using the keywords “LSINCT5” and “Cancer” in detail.

Results: LSINCT5 behaves as an oncogene and abundantly expresses in malignant tumorigenesis and progression. By sponging microRNAs (miRNA), interacting with proteins, participating in cellular transduction, and being regulated by transcription factors, LSINCT5 can stimulate malignant behavior in a variety of tumor cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, dysregulated LSINCT5 is usually associated with a poor prognosis.

Conclusion: LSINCT5 has the potential to become a tumor diagnostic and prognostic marker, generating new access to clinical applications.