The genus Momordica, a member of the family Cucurbitaceae, is a rich
source of therapeutic compounds and has garnered scientific interest due to its wide
array of bioactive constituents. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) has been
extensively studied for its antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antimicrobial effects. These pharmacological benefits are largely attributed to its
constituents, such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Moreover, the
plant holds traditional significance for treating conditions such as diabetes, skin
disorders, and gastrointestinal issues. This chapter provides an integrative overview of
the phytochemical composition, biological activities, and therapeutic applications of
Momordica, while also highlighting avenues for future research into its clinical and
pharmacokinetic properties.
Keywords: Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Bitter melon, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry.
