Taxus, scientifically known as yew trees, has emerged as a major research
topic due to its rich phytochemical content and pharmacological activities. These plants
are the storehouse for secondary metabolites, and taxanes are known to be the most
potent compounds. In anticancer activities, taxanes, including Taxol, have been
reported to have completely altered the treatment profile of cancer. Talking about the
other medical benefits, the Taxus species contains anticancer features, as well as antiinflammatory, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective activities. Nevertheless, instances of
overexploitation have introduced conservation issues, stimulating the search for other
ways of growing these and other taxanes and developing synthetics. This chapter
expatriates on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Taxus.It includes a
comprehensive evaluation of secondary metabolites beyond taxanes, which also
contribute to the plant's bioactive profile. The chapter further elaborates on the
pharmacology of Taxus extracts and characterizes constituents, including their actions
on various forms of cancer. It also presents the difficulties in the conservation and
reasonable use of Taxus and the potential for accessing new drugs from this rich
source.
Keywords: Taxus, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Taxanes, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer.
