The cytoskeleton is an essential framework in eukaryotic cells, providing
structural support, maintaining shape, and facilitating intracellular transport and
movement. This chapter explores the key components of the cytoskeleton:
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, discussing their structures,
assembly mechanisms, and roles in cellular processes. Microfilaments, composed of
actin, contribute to cellular shape, movement, and muscle contraction through
mechanisms like treadmilling and interaction with myosin. Intermediate filaments,
including keratin and vimentin, provide mechanical strength and support cellular
integrity under stress. Microtubules, composed of tubulin, are involved in mitosis,
intracellular transport, and the maintenance of cell polarity. Additionally, this chapter
delves into the role of motor proteins like kinesin and dynein in facilitating molecular
transport along microtubules and how cytoskeletal dynamics are crucial for both
healthy cellular function and pathological conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative
diseases.
Keywords: Actin, Cancer, Cell Motility, Dynein, Intermediate filaments, Keratin, Kinesin, Locomotion, Microfilaments, Microtubules, Muscle, Neurodegenerative Diseases.
