Biochar (BC) stands out as a remarkable material in the domain of
environmental remediation. Waste biomass, like municipal solid waste, manure, wood
chips, and agricultural residues, undergo pyrolysis in a controlled oxygen environment,
producing BC with a carbonaceous composition ranging from 65% to 90%. Using
metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to reinforce BC significantly increases its novelty. The
synergistic advantages of BC, coupled with the enhanced catalytic activity of NPs,
enhance physicochemical characteristics such as thermal stability, ideal pore size,
surface area, and versatile functionalization. These attributes contribute to effectively
addressing emerging environmental pollution challenges and their remediation. There
are three major hazards in industrial wastewater: dyes, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, BC-based Nanocomposites (BNCs) are being investigated
as a potential solution for wastewater pollution treatment that uses both adsorption and
photocatalytic degradation. As a result of these composites, four integrated objectives
can be achieved: the removal of pollutants, waste management, carbon sequestration,
and energy production. It stands as a superior choice to conventional methods, marked
by cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. This chapter
provides a comprehensive insight into BC-based composite with precise preparation
techniques, efficacy in eliminating pollutants, and underlying adsorption processes.
Keywords: Agricultural waste, Biomass, Biochar, Environmental remediation, Nanocomposites.
