American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas Disease (CD), is a
Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) of the infectious type, having the protozoan parasite
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) as the etiologic agent. The CD is usually transmitted to
human hosts by means of the Triatomine bug bites, and it is endemic in regions
characterized by substandard environmental conditions, such as Central and South
America. The globalization of goods and people significantly contributed to spreading
CD to regions not previously affected and/or not adequate for the proliferation of
transmitting bugs. This chapter reviews the main features of the disease, its main
symptoms, the actual therapies, and the most advanced, although not for clinical use
and currently considered for further development.
Keywords: Chagas Disease (CD), Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC), Benznidazole, Fosravuconazole Llysine ethanolate (E1224), Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Nifurtimox, Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), Posaconazole, Ravuconazole.
