This chapter traces the historical evolution of genetic theories from ancient
concepts to contemporary understanding. It begins with early theories of inheritance,
including Hippocrates' pangenesis and Weismann's germ plasm theory. The focus then
shifts to Gregor Mendel, whose experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for
modern genetics. Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment are detailed,
along with his methods and findings. The chapter concludes by discussing the rediscovery
of Mendel's work and the chromosomal basis of heredity, highlighting contributions from
scientists such as Sutton, Boveri, and Morgan. This comprehensive overview elucidates
the foundational principles of genetics and their historical development.
Keywords: Alleles, Chromosomes, Inheritance, Mendel, Segregation.
