The last few years have seen a noticeable rise in the consideration of ionic
liquids as green solvents in chemical processes. These liquids, characterized by their
adaptability, have found multiple applications in different fields. This review aims to
provide a thorough outlook on the utilization of ionic liquids for the processing of
carbohydrate biomass, while also encompassing the latest advancements in this
particular realm. In the context of biomass refineries, ionic liquids (ILs) play a pivotal
role in achieving greater efficiency and improved product selectivity under milder
conditions when contrasted with conventional molecular solvents. The principal
constituents of biomass are carbohydrates and lignin. The primary objective of this
article is to present an up-to-date account of advancements in catalytic systems that
employ ionic liquids for transforming lignocellulosic biomass. This account is largely
based on works published within the last five years. Furthermore, attention is drawn to
the potential use of functionalized ionic liquid as both a sustainable solvent and
catalyst. The variables impacting the catalytic alteration of carbohydrate biomass
within the ionic liquid, as well as the mechanisms behind producing 5-HMF (5-
hydroxymethylfurfural) and LA (Levulinic acid), are also outlined. Additionally, the
potential to recycle the ionic liquid for processing carbohydrate biomass is examined.
Subsequent research endeavors concerning the transformation of biomass in ionic
liquids could refer to this review to pick out suitable reaction conditions imperative for
fulfilling their particular objectives. Furthermore, the merging of methods from ionic
liquids and strategies for converting biomass into assorted fuels and higher-value
chemicals can be comprehended for potential implementation in a lignocellulosic
biorefinery.
Keywords: Cellulose, Catalytic transformation, Hemicellulose, Ionic liquids, Lignin, Lignocellulose, Mechanism.
