Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) appeared to be extensively exploited
in numerous diverse fields predominantly in the biomedical sector, owing to
distinctive physical, chemical as well as biological/biocompatible characteristics. With
the expanding uses, individuals are now exposed to GFNs more often and through a
variety of different routes. Upon exposure, these materials exhibit varying amounts of
toxicity in biological systems used for toxicological examinations. Administration by
various routes leads to penetration by breaching physical barriers and eventually gets
disseminated in various tissues or may accumulate in the cells, and subsequently may
get eliminated from the body. The present chapter provides information about the toxic
effect of the GFNs in several organs encompassing studies in various animals and cell
lines. Different factors including lateral size, functionality, concentration as well as
protein corona formation, etc. influencing the toxicity status of the GFNs have been
elaborated. Furthermore, some representative toxicity mechanisms include
mitochondrial as well as DNA impairment, and oxidative damage to name a few. At
last, we have provided toxicity remediation approaches for GFNs.
Keywords: Bioimaging, Graphene, Graphene Family Nanomaterials, Mechanism, Remediation, Toxicity.
