ONLINE MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
Authors are requested to electronically submit their papers to this journal for evaluation and submission
at https://bentham.manuscriptpoint.com/journals/cmim/
View Submission Instructions.
The Manuscript Processing System (MPS) has been designed to ensure step-by-step online processing and
tracking of manuscripts for authors, editors and the publisher from submission to acceptance and final
reproduction.
Through the submission process, this website will guide authors through each stage of the submission
process. The text, tables, and artwork should be uploaded at (https://bentham.manuscriptpoint.com/journals/cmim) in electronic format by the
authors. However, the authors who are unable to provide an electronic version or who are facing other
difficulties must contact the editorial office by emailing at [email protected] to discuss any alternatives.
Submissions that do not adhere to these guidelines will unfortunately not be taken into consideration.
Manuscripts must be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript, and should not be submitted by
anyone on their behalf. The principal/corresponding author will be required to submit a Copyright Letter
along with the manuscript, on behalf of all the co-authors (if any). The author(s) will confirm that the
manuscript (or any part of it) has not been published previously or is not under consideration for
publication elsewhere. Furthermore, any illustration, structure, or table that has been published
elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained.
FREE FORMAT SUBMISSION
The author's time is valuable and should not be wasted on research formatting. Free Format Submission
makes it easier and faster to prepare text for submission.
When submitting to any Bentham journal, authors are not required to follow any formatting guidelines.
When an article is accepted for publication, authors can submit it in the format of their choice, and
Bentham will convert it into a journal-specific format for them.
If the submission is accepted for publication, Bentham will format it in accordance with the style and
format of the journal.
For all online submissions, please provide soft copies ofall the materials (main text in MS Word or
Tex/LaTeX), figures/illustrations in TIFF, PDF or JPEG, and chemical structures drawn in ChemDraw
(CDX)/ISISDraw (TGF) as separate files, while a PDF version of the entire manuscript must also be
included, embedded with all the figures/illustrations/tables/chemical structures etc.
It is advisable that the document files related to a manuscript submission should always have the name
of the corresponding author as part of the file name, i.e., “Cilli MS text.doc," "Cilli MS Figure 1,
etc.
It is imperative that before submission, authors should carefully proofread the files for special
characters, mathematical symbols, Greek letters, equations, tables, references and images, to ensure
that they appear in a proper format.
References, figures, tables, chemical, structures, etc., should be referred to in the
text at the appropriate place where they are first discussed. Figure legends/captions should also be
provided.
Successful electronic submission of a manuscript will be followed by a system-generated acknowledgements
to the principal/corresponding author. Any queries therein should be addressed to [email protected]
COPYRIGHT/SELF-ARCHIVING POLICY
Authors who publish in Bentham Science Journals, in the Open Access category, retain copyright to
their work. It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not
been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is
strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the
publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or
fabricated information is discovered. Once submitted to the journal, the author may not withdraw
their manuscript at any stage prior to publication. Articles are licensed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which
permits the copying and redistribution of the material in any medium or format, as well as
remixing, transformation, and building upon the material for any purpose, even commercially,
provided appropriate credit is given, a link to the licence is provided, and provided it is
indicated if any changes were made.
It is mandatory that a signed copyright letter also be submitted along with the manuscript by the
author to whom correspondence is to be addressed. The article should not contain any such
material or information that may be unlawful, defamatory, fabricated, plagiarized, or which
would, if published, in any way whatsoever, violate the terms and conditions as laid down in the
copyright agreement. Copyright letter can be downloaded from the journal's Web site. Download the Copyright letter.
PERMISSION FOR REPRODUCTION
The use of a Creative Commons License enables authors to retain copyright to their work. Articles
are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public
License (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which
permits unrestricted, distribution and reproduction in any medium, as long as the work is
properly credited/attributed.
Published/reproduced material should not be included unless you have obtained written permission
from the copyright holder, which should be forwarded to the Editorial Office in case of
acceptance of your article for publication.
For obtaining permission for reproducing any material published in an article by Bentham Science,
please fill in the request FORMand send to [email protected]for consideration.
Third-Party Permissions
Authors are responsible for managing the inclusion of third-party content as an author/editor of
a work. We refer to 'third party content' as any work that authors haven't developed themselves
and have copied or adapted from other sources. Text, figures, photographs, tables, screenshots,
and other items may be included.
Unless the figure is in the public domain (copyright-free) or permitted for use under Creative
Commons or other open licences, the author must get permission from the copyright holder(s).
Published/reproduced material should not be included unless written permission has been obtained
from the copyright holder, which should be forwarded to the Editorial Office in case of
acceptance of the article for publication.
Open Access Articles
Articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Public License (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which
permits unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, as long as the work is
properly credited/attributed. For more details, please visit Open Access Policy
Archiving Policies
Articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Public License (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits
unrestricted, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the work is properly
cited. All articles are archived in Portico.
POLICY ON FUNDED PUBLICATIONS
Bentham Science complies with Open Access mandates of all funding organizations. Authors who
publish in Bentham Science journals retain the copyright to their published articles. Therefore,
they can deposit a copy of the published manuscript to any Open Access repository for public
archiving. The following policy is followed by Bentham Science for deposition of funded
publications:
- Authors can deposit the final published article in any other institutional, disciplinary or
governmental repository. However, an acknowledgement must be given to the original source of
publication, followed by a link inserted to the published article on the
journal's/publisher's website.
- Bentham Science journals, indexed by PubMed Central (PMC), directly deposit the final
published version of all articles to PMC immediately after publication on the journal
website. In case a journal is not indexed by PubMed Central, the authors and their
institutes are allowed to submit the published version of their manuscripts to PubMed
Central.
SELF-ARCHIVING POLICY
Authors retain the copyright to their articles, therefore they can SELF-ARCHIVE their
accepted manuscripts as well as published manuscripts on their personal websites,
institutional repository like PMC or a cross-institutional subject repository like
arXive.org. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which
permits unrestricted, archiving, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that
the work is properly cited.
LONG-TERM ARCHIVING OF BENTHAM SCIENCE CONTENT
To ensure permanent access to our publications, Bentham Science has an agreement with Porticoto have a long-term preservation of the content
published in its journals.
MANUSCRIPTS PUBLISHED
The journal publishes peer-reviewed mini- and full-length review articles and drug clinical trial
studies written in English. Single topic/thematic issues may also be considered for publication.
Single Topic Issues
These special issues are peer-reviewed and may contain invited or uninvited review/mini-review
articles. A Single Topic Issue Editor will offer a short perspective and co-ordinate the
solicitation of manuscripts between 3-5 (for a mini-thematic issue) to 6-10 (for full-length
thematic issue) from leading scientists. Authors interested in editing a single topic issue, in
the field of in an emerging topic of pediatric, may submit their proposal to the Editor-in-Chief
at [email protected]for consideration.
Conference Proceedings
For proposals to publish conference proceedings in this journal, please contact us at email [email protected]for
consideration.
MANUSCRIPT LENGTH
Review Articles
The length of a published comprehensive review article is from 6000-10000 words with 100 or
more references excluding figures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables, etc
.
Mini-Reviews
Mini-reviews should be 3000- 6000 words with 75 or more references excluding figures,
structures, photographs, schemes, tables etc.
Systematic Reviews
Systematic Reviews include systematic updates on review protocols, methods, research, and
results from all relevant fields for any studies and updates on already published issues.
The total number of words for a published systematic review is from 4000 to 6000 words with
100 or more references excluding figures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables
etc.
Registration of Systematic Reviews
Bentham Science Publishers supports retrospective registration of systematic reviews, in a
suitable registry (such as PROSPERO). The
registered systematic review must include the registration number as the last line of the
manuscript abstract.
Research Articles
Research articles should be of 4000-6000 words with 75 or more references excluding figures,
structures, photographs, schemes, tables, etc. There is a quota of 20% of
published Research articles per issue in this journal. Research articles will be published
as open access against payment.
Case Histories
Case histories are encouraged, and will fit either the research article or review formats
listed above.
Randomized Drug Clinical Trial Studies
Trial studies should be 4000 to 6000 words with 50 or more references excluding figures,
structures, photographs, schemes, tables etc.
Case Reports
Case reports should describe new observations of findings or novel/unique outcomes relevant
to the field. The total number of words for a published case report is 1500 to 2500 words
with 40 or more references excluding figures, structures, photographs, schemes, tables
etc .
Current Frontiers
The articles should be contributed by eminent experts on cutting-edge recent developments.
They should be written in the format of mini-reviews (about 4 to 5 pages, approximately 800
to 850 words per composed page excluding tables, structures, graphics, figures and captions)
with about 70 references to recent literature. All pages should be numbered sequentially.
There is no restriction on the number of figures, tables or additional files e.g. video clips,
animation and datasets, that can be included with each article online. Authors should include
all relevant supporting data with each article (Refer to Supplementary Material section).
MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
The manuscript should be written in English in a clear, direct and active style. All pages must be
numbered sequentially, facilitating in the reviewing and editing of the manuscript.
MICROSOFT WORD TEMPLATE
It is advisable that authors prepare their manuscript using the template available on the Web,
which will assist in preparation of the manuscript according to journal’s format. Download
the Template.
SECTIONS IN MANUSCRIPTS
Manuscripts submitted for research and review articles in the journal should be divided into the
following sections:
Title
Title Page
Structured Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
Text Organization
Conclusion
List of Abbreviations (if any)
Consent for Publication
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
Appendices
Figures/Illustrations (if any)
Chemical Structures (if any)
Tables (if any)
Supportive/Supplementary Material (if any)
Title
The title of the article should be precise and brief and must not be more than 120
characters. Authors should avoid the use of non-standard abbreviations and question marks in
titles. The first letter of each word should be in capital letters except for articles,
conjunctions and prepositions.
Authors should also provide a short ‘running title’. Title, running title, byline,
correspondent footnote and keywords should be written as presented in original manuscripts.
Title Page
Title page should include paper title, author(s) full name and affiliation, corresponding
author(s) names complete affiliation/address, along with phone, fax and email.
Structured Abstract:
The abstract of an article should be a clear, concise and accurate summary, having no more
than 250 words, and including the explicit sub-headings (as in-line or run-in headings in
bold). Use of abbreviations should be avoided and the references should not be cited in the
abstract.
All the original research articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses must be accompanied
by a structured abstract. Ideally, each abstract should include the following sub-headings,
but these may vary according to the requirements of the article.
Introduction/Objective: Summarize the objective or purpose of the
research in a few sentences.
Methods: Give a brief description of the research design,
methodology, and other relevant details about the conduct of the study.
Results: Outline the main conclusions or findings of the study, often
with statistical data or significant findings.
Conclusion: Provide an overview of the study's key findings and any
implications.
The headings can vary but must state the purpose of the study, details of the participants,
measurements, methods, main findings and conclusion.
Graphical Abstract
A graphic must be included with each manuscript for use in the Table of Contents (TOC). This
must be submitted separately as an electronic file (preferred file types are EPS, PDF, TIFF,
Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and CDX etc.). A graphical abstract, not exceeding 30 words along
with the illustration, helps to summarize the contents of the manuscript in a concise
pictorial form. It is meant as an aid for the rapid viewing of the journals' contents and to
help capture the readers’ attention. The graphical abstract may feature a key structure,
reaction, equation, etc. that the manuscript elucidates upon. It will be listed along with
the manuscript title, authors’ names and affiliations in the contents page, typeset within
an area of 5 cm by 17 cm, but it will not appear in the article PDF file or in print.
Graphical Abstracts should be submitted as a separate file (must clearly mention graphical
abstract within the file) online viaBentham's Content Management System by
selecting the option “supplementary material”.
You can view a few examples of the Graphical
Abstractson our website.
Keywords
6 to 8 keywords must be provided. Choose important and relevant keywords that researchers in
your field will be searching for so that your paper will appear in a database search. In
biomedical fields, MeSH terms are a good ‘common vocabulary’ source to draw keywords from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html.
Text Organization
The main text should begin on a separate page and should be divided into title page, abstract
and the main text. The text may be subdivided further according to the areas to be
discussed, which should be followed by the List of Abbreviations, Conflict of Interest,
Acknowledgements and Reference sections. For review, the manuscript should be divided into
title page, abstract and the main text. The text may be subdivided further according to the
areas to be discussed, which should be followed by the Acknowledgements and Reference
sections. For Research Articles the manuscript should begin with the title page and abstract
followed by the main text, which must be structured into separate sections as
Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Ethics Approval and
Consent to Participate, Human and Animal Rights, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgements
and References. The Review Article should mention any previous important recent
and old reviews in the field and contain a comprehensive discussion starting with the
general background of the field. It should then go on to discuss the salient features of
recent developments. The authors should avoid presenting material which has already been
published in a previous review. The authors are advised to present and discuss their
observations in brief. The manuscript style must be uniform throughout the text and 10 pt
Times New Roman fonts should be used. The full term for an abbreviation should precede its
first appearance in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. The reference
numbers should be given in square brackets in the text. Italics should be used for Binomial
names of organisms (Genus and Species), for emphasis and for unfamiliar words or phrases.
Non-assimilated words from Latin or other languages should also be italicized e.g.
per se, et al. etc .
SECTION HEADINGS
Section headings should be numbered sequentially, left aligned and have the first letter
capitalized, starting with the introduction. Sub-section headings however, should be in
lower-case and italicized with their initials capitalized. They should be numbered as
1.1, 1.2, etc.
INTRODUCTION
The Introduction section should include the background and aims of the research in a
comprehensive manner.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This section provides details of the methodology used along with information on any
previous efforts with corresponding references. Any details for further modifications
and research should be included.
Transparent reporting on AI and AI-assisted Technologies
Authors who use AI tools for the production of images or graphical elements of the
paper, or in the collection and analysis of data, must disclose the use of such
tools in the Materials and Methods (or similar section) of the paper, stating how
the AI tool was used and which tool was used.
Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, including parts
produced with the assistance of an AI tool, and are thus liable for any breach of
publication ethics.
Bentham Science Publishers will assess whether the manner AI was used and declared is
reasonable and compliant with its published principles and practices. After publication,
content may be rejected or changed due to inadequate declaration or the specific
circumstances of its use.
EXPERIMENTAL
Repeated information should not be reported in the text of an article. A calculation
section must include experimental data, facts and practical development from a
theoretical perspective.
RESULTS
The important and main findings of the study should come first in the Results Section.
The tables, figures and references should be given in sequence to emphasize the
important information or observations related to the research. The repetition of data in
tables and figures should be avoided. Results should be precise.
DISCUSSION
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, present a reproducible
procedure and emphasis the importance of the article in the light of recent developments
in the field. Extensive citations and discussion of published literature should be
avoided.
This section of research articles should discuss the implications of the findings in the
context of existing research and highlight the study's limitations. The authors should
justify the sample size according to the study purpose and methods.
The Results and Discussion may be presented together under one heading of “Results and
Discussion”. Alternatively, they may be presented under two separate sections (“Results”
section and “Discussion” Sections). Short sub-headings may be added in each section if
required.
CONCLUSION
A small paragraph summarizing the contents of the article, presenting the final outcome
of the research or proposing further study on the subject, may be given at the end of
the article under the Conclusion section.
Greek Symbols and Special Characters
Greek symbols and special characters often undergo formatting changes and get corrupted
or lost during preparation of manuscript for publication. To ensure that all special
characters used are embedded in the text, these special characters should be inserted as
a symbol but should not be a result of any format styling (Symbol font face) otherwise
they will be lost during conversion to PDF/XML.
Authors are encouraged to consult reporting guidelines. These guidelines provide a set of
recommendations comprising a list of items relevant to their specific research design.
Chemical equations, chemical names, mathematical usage, unit of measurements, chemical
and physical quantity & units must conform to SI and Chemical Abstracts or IUPAC.
All kinds of measurements should be reported only in International System of Units (SI).
Appendices
In case there is a need to present lengthy, but essential methodological details, use
appendices, which can be a part of the article. An appendix must not exceed three pages
(Times New Roman, 10 point font, 900 max. words per page). The information should be
provided in a condensed form, ruling out the need of full sentences. A single appendix
should be titled APPENDIX, while more than one can be titled APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, and
so on.
Supportive/Supplementary Material
We do encourage to append supportive material, for example a PowerPoint file containing a
talk about the study, a PowerPoint file containing additional screenshots, a Word, RTF,
or PDF document showing the original instrument(s) used, a video, or the original data
(SAS/SPSS files, Excel files, Access Db files etc.) provided it is inevitable or
endorsed by the journal's Editor.
Supportive/Supplementary material intended for publication must be numbered and referred
to in the manuscript but should not be a part of the submitted paper. In-text citations
as well as a section with the heading "Supportive/Supplementary Material" before the
"References" section should be provided. Here, list all Supportive/Supplementary
Material and include a brief caption line for each file describing its contents.
Any additional files will be linked to the final published article in the form supplied
by the author, but will not be displayed within the paper. They will be made available
in exactly the same form as originally provided only on our website. Please
also make sure that each additional file is a single table, figure or movie (please do
not upload linked worksheets or PDF files larger than one sheet).
Supportive/Supplementary material must be provided in a single zipped file not larger
than 4 MB.
Authors must clearly indicate if these files are not for publication but meant for the
reviewers'/editors' perusal only.
List of Abbreviations
If abbreviations are used in the text either they should be defined in the text where
first used, or a list of abbreviations can be provided.
DECLARATION OF INTEREST/FUNDING SOURCES
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
AUTHORS
All potential conflicts of interest (competing interests) that could have a direct or
indirect influence on the work must be disclosed by the authors. Even if an author does not
have a conflict, disclosing affiliations and interests allows for a more comprehensive and
open approach, which leads to a more accurate and objective evaluation of the work.
Conflicts of interest, whether genuine or imagined, are a perspective to which the readers
are entitled.
The publication of a conflict statement in the article itself, as well as the submission of
the conflict disclosure form, is required for all types of papers. It is not necessarily the
case that a monetary relationship with examination support or funding for counseling work is
inappropriate. Even if the authors do not have any conflict of interest, they still need to
provide a confirmation statement in their manuscripts, i.e., “The author(s) confirm(s) that
there is no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.”
The following are some examples of potential conflicts of interest that are directly or
indirectly related to the research:
Financial competing interests include (but are not limited to):
Type of support/grant number
Institutional Conflicts of Interest
Funds received by the author
Funds received by the institution
Travel allowances for the research
Funds received for article preparation and reviewing
Funds for conducting review activities
Support provided for article writing assistance, for drugs, equipment, etc
Paid lectures
Pending fund or grant
Financial conflicts of interest can be personal as well as institutional. Personal conflict
of interest occurs when a contributor involved in the publication process either receives an
amount of money or expects to receive some financial help (including any other financial
benefits such as patents or stocks, gifts or services) that may impact the work related to a
specific publication. More importantly, in academic research, such financial relationships
can lead to institutional conflicts of interest (COIs) because the economic interests of the
institution or institutional representatives may unsuitably affect the decision-making
process.
An institutional conflict of interest arises in a situation when financial interests of an
institution or any institutional official (e.g., investments held by the university in a
company) have the potential to unduly influence the research conducted by its employees or
students, or pose an unacceptable risk to human subjects. Such conflicts usually arise in a
state of affairs where a research project directly offers assistance or a benefit to an
external entity viaevaluation, validation, trial or test of an invention, product,
drug, service or technology, and the institution holds a financial interest with the
external entity. Such financial interests incorporate, but are not limited to, receipt of
licensing payments or royalties from the external entity, or ownership interest with the
external entity. When human subjects are involved in any research project, and the
institution supports such a financial interest, the conflict of interest is speculated to be
unreasonable.
Non-financial competing interests include (but are not limited to):
In addition, interests other than monetary and any funding (non-financial interests) should
be declared if they are relevant to readers. Personal relationships or conflicting interests
directly or indirectly related to research, as well as professional interests or personal
opinions that may impact your research, are examples of these.
Intellectual property,in basic terms, refers to any intangible property that
is the result of creativity, such as patents, copyrights, etc. Similarly, this section seeks
to know about copyright and patent (licensed patent, pending or issued) and any payment
received for intellectual property, such as:
Patent
Licensed Patent
Issued Patent
Pending Patent
Royalties
Licensee
Remarks
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
All conflict of interest disclosure forms are collected by the corresponding author. It is
sufficient for the corresponding author to sign the disclosure form on behalf of all authors
in author collaborations when legal agreements for representation allow it. The templates of
the form can be found here.
Disclosure
form
ICMJE
disclosure form
Before the reference list, the corresponding author will include a summary statement in the
text of the article that reflects what is reported in the potential conflict of interest
disclosure form (s). Author(s) may declare(s) names of reviewers who they think might have a
potential conflict of interest; therefore, Editorial Office could avoid inviting such
reviewers for an unbiased opinion.
UNDISCLOSED CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Undisclosed conflict of interest cases before or after the publication of an article are
dealt with as per the guidelines of COPE.
Undisclosed conflict of interest in a submitted article (View
COPE guidelines)
Undisclosed conflict of interest in a published article (View
COPE guidelines)
For more information on COIs, see the guidance from the ICMJE.
PEER REVIEWERS
Bentham Science tries to conduct a transparent peer-review process with the help of the
reviewers who do not have any conflict of interest with the authors. In this connection,
reviewers who belong to the same institute or countries as authors are not invited to review
manuscripts. However, it is not possible for the Editorial Office to be aware of all
competing interests; therefore, it is expected from authors to submit:
List of reviewers who they think have a conflict of interest to ensure a transparent
and unbiased review process.
The Editorial Office expects reviewers:
Not to accept manuscript review requests if they have any potential conflict of
interest and inform the Editorial Office accordingly.
To decline review requests if they have recently published or submitted an article
with any of the authors listed in the manuscript.
To inform the Editorial Office if they have any personal relationship with the
authors or work in the same institutes as of authors, which could affect the review
transparency.
To abstain from reviewing and informing the Editorial Office/Editor-in-Chief/Handling
Editors about any scientific misconduct or fraud, plagiarism, conflict of interest,
or any other unethical behavior related to the manuscript, which they found while
reviewing it.
During the submission of review comments, reviewers are asked to reconfirm that they do not
have any conflict of interest related to the article. After confirming the below statement,
they can submit their comments.
“I hereby confirm that I don’t have any conflict of interest related to the manuscript.”
If, however, there are still any remaining interests, then reviewers must mention those in
the ‘Confidential’ section of the review form.
Reviewers are not encouraged to contact authors directly regarding any of their conflicts of
interest. Peer reviewers should follow journals’ policies in situations they consider to
represent a conflict to reviewing.
UNDISCLOSED CONFLICT OF INTEREST
If reviewers intentionally undisclosed any conflict of interest, then they will be
blacklisted for any future peer reviewing activity of the journal.
The Editorial Office always ensures that an author, if added after peer review activity of a
manuscript, is not part of the reviewers’ list who have conducted a peer review of the same
manuscript.
EDITORS
Editors must not review submitted manuscripts if they have any personal, professional or
financial involvement/conflict of interest with the authors of the manuscript. Every
participant involved in the peer review process, including editorial board members,
reviewers, and editors, must declare any potential conflicts of interest to ensure a
transparent and unbiased review activity.
Editors-in-Chief or Editors who are responsible for the initial and final decision should
recuse themselves to review or take decisions on any manuscript that is written by authors
affiliated to the same institute as of editor, or if they have been a family member,
competitor, collaborator, or have published any manuscript in last 3 years with the authors
associated with the manuscript. They can however nominate someone else on the Board who
could provide a neutral opinion on the manuscript.
The Editorial office recommends editors to follow COPEand
WAMEguidelines
to process such manuscripts which involves their personal relationship.
Manuscripts submission by an Editor/Editor-in-Chief
The initial and final decision on the manuscripts submitted by an Editor/Editor-in-Chief will
be taken by any other member of the Board. The Editorial Office will identify members who do
not have any potential conflict of interest with the Editor or Editor-in-Chief.
Acknowledgements
Any research assistants or other individuals who assisted with the research but are not listed as
authors, such as those who carried out the literature review, produced, computerized, and
analyzed the data, or helped with the language, writing, or proofreading of the article, or
offered any comments or suggestions, should be acknowledged. Briefly, everyone who has
contributed significantly to the improvement of the paper should be acknowledged. It is
recommended to mention the "Declared None" if there is no acknowledgement for the study.
Guest or honorary authorship based solely on position (e.g. research supervisor, departmental
head) is discouraged.
The specific requirements for authorship have been defined by the International Committee of
Medical Journal Editors (www.icmje.org). Examples of authors'
contributions are: 'designed research/study', 'performed research/study', 'contributed important
reagents', 'collected data', 'analyzed data', 'wrote paper' etc. This information must be
included in the submitted manuscript as a separate paragraph under the heading 'Authors'
Contribution'. The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining permission from all
co-authors for the submission of any version of the manuscript and for any changes in the
authorship.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS
All clinical investigations should be conducted according to the Declaration
of Helsinkiprinciples. For all manuscripts reporting data from studies involving human
participants, formal review and approval by an appropriate institutional review board or ethics
committee are required.
For research involving animals, the authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were
in accordance with the standards set forth in the eighth edition of “Guide for the Care and Use
of Laboratory Animals” (grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals_prepub.pdfpublished
by the National Academy of Sciences, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.).
Research Involving Animals
Research work on animals should be carried out in accordance with the NC3Rs ARRIVE Guidelines.
For In VivoExperiments, please visit https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/arrive-guidelines
Authors should clearly state the name of the approval committee, highlighting that legal and
ethical approvals were obtained prior to initiation of the research work carried out on animals,
and that the experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and
regulations stated below.
US authors should cite compliance with the US National Research Council's "Guide for the Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals"
The US Public Health Service's "Policy on Humane
Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" and "Guide
for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals"
UK authors should conform to UK legislation under the
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations (SI 2012/3039).
European authors outside the UK should conform to Directive
2010/63/EU.
Research on animals should adhere to ethical guidelines of the International Council for
Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) ethical guidelines.
The manuscript should clearly include a declaration of compliance with the relevant
guidelines (e.g. the revised Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
in the UK and Directive 2010/63/EU in Europe) and/or relevant permissions or licenses
obtained by the IUCN Policy
Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinctionand the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora.
Animal Ethics Guidelines for Studies Involving Animal Subjects
Ethics Approval Exemption:
If a study is exempted from ethics approval, authors must indicate the reasons for exemption in the ethical statement.
Following is an example of Ethical Statements:
"This study involving animal subjects is exempted from ethics approval for [specific reasons]. The exemption was evaluated and authorized by [Full name of ethics committee], ensuring adherence to ethical standards”.
Client-Owned Animals:
Client-owned animals (non-commercially available animals such as pets or livestock) should be studied exercising best practices in veterinary care. Authors must confirm that the owner(s) (or their legal representatives) have provided written consent for this purpose.
Following is an example of Ethical Statements:
"The animal study was evaluated and authorized by [Full name of the ethics committee]. The owners provided written informed consent for their animals' involvement in this study, ensuring ethical treatment and compliance with standards."
International Standards and 3Rs Principle:
Studies involving animals must comply with internationally accepted standards and adhere to the 3Rs principles (Replace, Reduce, Refine).
- Replace: Whenever possible, replace animals with alternatives.
- Reduce: Reducing the number of animals used and
- Refine: Refining experimental settings can reduce animal damage.
Authors are encouraged to follow the ARRIVE guidelines (Reporting in Vivo Experiments) for reporting experiments involving live animals.
An example of Ethical Statements:
"This study adheres to internationally accepted standards for animal research, following the 3Rs principle. The ARRIVE guidelines were employed for reporting experiments involving live animals, promoting ethical research practices."
Euthanasia Protocols:
Studies on euthanasia, including chloral hydrate, ether, and chloroform overdose, are severely discouraged. Authors should include an in-depth description of any anesthetic, surgical, or euthanasia procedures conducted throughout the study.
If the experimental details explained in the study violate the standard animal research procedure, editors may seek extra documentation, such as approval forms and relevant literature citations.
Research Involving Plants
All experimental research on plants (either cultivated or wild), should comply with international
guidelines. The manuscript should include a declaration of compliance of field studies with
relevant guidelines and/or relevant permissions or licenses obtained by the IUCN Policy Statement
on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinctionand the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora.
Patient Consent
Compliance with the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors www.icmje.org) is recommended, in accordance with the
patient’s consent for research or participation in a study as per the applicable laws and
regulations regarding the privacy and/or security of personal information, including, but not
limited to, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA") and other
U.S. federal and state laws relating to confidentiality and security of personally
distinguishable evidence, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679 and member
state implementing legislation, Canada's Personal Information Protection and Electronic
Documents Act, India's Information Technology Act and related Privacy Rules, (together "Data
Protection and Privacy Laws").
It is the responsibility of the author to ensure that:
Patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers are not mentioned anywhere in the
manuscript (including figures).
Authors are responsible for obtaining the patient consent-to-disclose forms for all
recognizable patients in photographs, videos, or other information that may be published
in the Journal, in derivative works, or on the journal’s website and for providing the
manuscript to the recognizable patient for review before submission.
The consent-to-disclose form should indicate specific use (publication in the medical
literature in print and online, with the understanding that patients and the public will
have access) of the patient's information and any images in figures or videos, and must
contain the patient's signature or that of a legal guardian along with a statement that
the patient or legal guardian has been offered the opportunity to review the identifying
materials and the accompanying manuscript.
If the manuscript has an individuals’ data, such as personal details, audio-video
material, etc., consent should be obtained from that individual. In
case of children, consent should be obtained from the parent or the legal guardian.
A specific declaration of such approval and consent-to-disclose form must be made in the
copyright letter and in a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the article especially in
the case of human studies where inclusion of a statement regarding obtaining the written
informed consent from each subject or subject's guardian is a must. The original should
be retained by the guarantor or the corresponding author. Editors may request to provide
the original forms by fax or email.
All such case reports require by a proper consent being obtained prior to publishing.
Please refer COPE guidelines available at https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines/journals%E2%80%99-best-practices-ensuring-consent-publishing-medical-case-reports.
Editors may request that authors provide documentation of the formal review and recommendation
from the institutional review board or ethics committee responsible for oversight of the study.
The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned
requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the
above-mentioned requirements.
Non-identifiable Images
Anonymous images, that do not identify the individual directly or indirectly, such as through
any identifying marks or text, do not require formal consent, for example, X-rays,
ultrasound images, pathology slides or laparoscopic images.
In case consent is not obtained, concealing the identity through eye bars or blurring the
face would not be acceptable.
Hazard Study
Any unusual risks associated with the use of any chemicals, procedures, or equipment used in the work
must be
explicitly stated by the author in the manuscript, preferably in both the materials and methods
section and the
declaration section. For more information, visit The World Medical Association (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/public-health/chemicals)
SEX AND GENDER EQUITY IN RESEARCH (SAGER) GUIDELINES
We strive to promote gender and sex equity in research and adhere to the guidelines of Sex and Gender
Equity in Research (SAGER) to ensure inclusivity and rigor of the work. All authors submitting
research papers are required to follow the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines. These guidelines are
intended to encourage the inclusion of sex and gender considerations in research in order to improve
the rigor and relevance of our publications.
The SAGER guidelines for reporting sex and gender information in methodology or study design, data
analysis, results, and interpretation of findings are strongly encouraged. Authors of review
articles are advised to address the methods used for selecting, locating, extracting, and
synthesizing data; systematic reviews are required to do so.
UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
Unethical behavior and misconduct may be pointed out by anyone to the Editor and Publisher with
sufficient evidences. The Editor, in consultation with the Publisher, will initiate
investigation against this Unethical misconduct, complete the procedure till an unbiased
decision is reached, and maintain confidentiality throughout the process of the investigation.
The Author should be given the opportunity to reply to all minor or major accusations.
In case of serious breaches, the employer may be informed where appropriate, by the
Editor/Publisher, after reviewing all available information and evidences or after seeking help
from experts in that field.
Conclusion
Author(s) and Reviewers must be informed in case of misinterpretation or mishandling of
International Acceptable Standards
A strict notice should be sent to the author and reviewer to avoid future unethical
misconduct
An Editorial on the reported misconduct should be published or official notice of
unethical behavior should be posted on the website
Official letter about this misconduct should be issued to the Head of Departments,
Funding Agencies of the accused author and the reviewer, as well as Abstracting &
Indexing Agencies.
Where required, retraction and withdrawal of publication may be undertaken from the
Publisher’s journal in discussion with the Head of the Department of the author or
reviewer, and other higher authorities should be informed
The Publisher may impose restrictions for some period on future publications from the
accused author in the journals
Consent for Publication
If the manuscript has an individuals’ data, such as personal detail, audio-video material etc.,
consent should be obtained from that individual. In case of children, consent should be obtained
from the parent or the legal guardian.
A specific declaration of such approval and consent-to-disclose form must be made in the
copyright letter and in a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the Methods section especially in
the case of human studies where inclusion of a statement regarding obtaining the written
informed consent from each subject or subject's guardian is a must. The original should be
retained by the guarantor or corresponding author. Editors may request to provide the original
forms by fax or email.
All such case reports should be followed by a proper consent prior to publishing.
RANDOMIZED DRUG CLINICAL TRIAL STUDIES
Randomized drug clinical trial studies are biomedical or health-related interventional and/or
observational research studies conducted in phases in human beings who are randomly allocated to
receive or not receive a preventive, therapeutic, or diagnostic intervention that follows a
pre-defined protocol. The study is intended to determine the safety and efficacy of approaches to
disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Authors of randomized controlled trials are encouraged to submit trial protocols along with their
manuscripts. All clinical trials must be registered (before recruitment of the first participant) at
an appropriate online public trial registry that must be independent of for-profit interest (e.g.,www.clinicaltrials.gov). If you wish the editor(s) to
consider an unregistered trial, please explain briefly why the trial has not been registered.
All randomized clinical trials should include a flow diagram and authors should provide a
completed randomized trial checklist (see CONSORT Flow Diagram and Checklist; www.consort-statement.org) and a trial
protocol. For further details, please visit complete guidelines at: http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html
Studies of diagnostic accuracy must be reported according to STARD guidelines; (www.stard-statement.org)
Observational studies (cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional designs) must be reported
according to the STROBE statement, and should be submitted with their protocols; (www.strobe-statement.org).
Genetic association studies must be reported according to STREGA guidelines; (www.medicine.uottawa.ca)
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses must be reported according to PRISMA guidelines; (www.prisma-statement.org)
To find the reporting guidelines see (www.equator-network.org)
Important points to remember while submitting clinical trials:
Each manuscript should clearly state an objective or hypothesis; the design and methods
(including the study setting and dates, patients or participants with inclusion and
exclusion criteria, or data sources, and how these were selected for the study); the
essential features of any interventions; the main outcome measures; the main results of the
study; a comment section placing the results in context with the published literature and
addressing study limitations; and the conclusions. Data included in research reports must be
original.
Trial registry name, registration identification number, and the URL for the registry should
be included at the end of the abstract and also in the space provided on the online
manuscript submission form. If your research article reports the results of a controlled
health care intervention, list the trial registry, along with the unique identifying number
(Please note that there should be no space between the letters and numbers of your trial
registration number). Studies designed for other purposes, such as to study pharmacokinetics
or major toxicity (e.g., phase 1 trials), are exempted.
All reports of randomized trials should include a section entitled “Randomization and
Masking”, within the Methods section.
The manuscript must include a statement identifying the institutional and/or licensing
committee that has approved the experiments, including any relevant details.
The SI system of units and the recommended international non-proprietary name (rINN) for drug
names must be used. Kindly ensure that the dose, route, and frequency of administration of
any drug you mention are correct.
Please ensure that the clinical trials sponsored by pharmaceutical companies follow the
guidelines on good publication practice: (www.gpp-guidelines.org)
The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned
requirements. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the
above-mentioned requirements.
REFERENCES
References must be listed in the Vancouver Style only. References should be numbered sequentially [in
square brackets] in the text and listed in the same numerical order in the reference section. All
references must be complete and accurate. Online citations should include the date of access.
Journal titles should conform to the present Index Medicus abbreviations. It is necessary to list
all authors if the total number of authors is 6 or less and for more than 6 authors use 3 authors
and then et al.
See below few examples of references listed in the correct Vancouver Style.
Typical Paper Reference
Cortright DN, Szallasi A. TRP channels and pain. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15(15): 1736-49.
Frankel AE, Zuckero SL, Mankin AA, et al. Anti-CD3 recombinant
diphtheria immunotoxin therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Curr Drug Targets 2009;
10(2): 104-9.
Typical Chapter Reference
Stevenson WG, Friedman PL. In: Hennekens CH, Ed. Clinical trials in cardiovascular
disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. 1999; pp. 217-30.
Book Reference
Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 3rded. St. Louis:
Mosby 2004.
Edited Book
Brown AM, Stubbs DW, Eds. Medical physiology. New York: Wiley 1983.
Conference Paper and Proceedings
Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical
informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, Eds. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings
of the 7thWorld Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva,
Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1992; pp. 1561-5.
Kimura J, Shibasaki H, Eds. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of
the 10thInternational Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct
15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1996.
Journal Article on the Internet
Aylin P, Bottle A, Jarman B, Elliott, P. Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England
after Bristol: descriptive analysis of hospital episode statistics 1991-2002. BMJ
[serial on the Internet]. 2004 Oct 9; [cited 2004 October 15]; 329: [about 10 screens].
Available from: (http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/329/7470/825)
Book/Monograph on the Internet
Donaldson MS, Ed. Measuring the quality of health care [monograph on the internet].
Washington: National Academy Press 1999 [cited 2004 Oct 8]. Available from: http://legacy.netlibrary.com
Web site/Homepage
HeartCentreOnline [homepage on the Internet]. Boca Raton, FL: HeartCentreOnline, Inc.;
c2000-2004 [updated 2004 May 23; cited 2004 Oct 15]. Available from: www.icmje.org
Journal with Part/Supplement
If a journal carries continuous pagination throughout the volume, then the issue number can be
omitted.
Issue with Supplement
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology 2002; 58(12
Suppl 7): S6-12.
Volume with Part
Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological viewpoint. Int J
Psychoanal 2002; 83(Pt 2): 491-5.
Issue with Part
Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a large
animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002; 13(9 Pt 1): 923-8.
Patent
Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic
grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent US
20020103498. 2002 Aug.
E-citations
Citations for articles/material published exclusively online or in open access
(free-to-view), must contain the exact Web addresses (URLs) at the end of the
reference(s), except those posted on an author’s Web site unless editorially essential,
e.g. ‘Reference: Available from: URL’.
Some important points to remember:
All references must be complete and accurate.
It is necessary to list all authors if the total number of authors is 6 or less and for
more than 6 authors cite 3 authors and then use et al. phrase et al.
Date of access should be provided for online citations.
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the Index Medicus/MEDLINE.
Punctuation should be properly applied as mentioned in the examples given above.
Superscript in the in-text citations and reference section should be avoided.
Abstracts, unpublished data and personal communications (which can only be included if
prior permission has been obtained) should not be given in the references section. The
details may however appear in the footnotes.
The authors are encouraged to use a recent version of EndNote (version 5 and above) or
Reference Manager (version 10) when formatting their reference list, as this allows
references to be automatically extracted.
FIGURES/TABLES
FIGURES/ILLUSTRATIONS
All authors must strictly follow the guidelines below for preparing illustrations for publication
in
Current Medical Imaging
. If the figures are found to be sub-standard, then the manuscripts will be rejected.
The authors are expected to submit good quality figure(s) in PDF, PPT, MS Word, TIFF or JPEG
versions, which, if required, should be improved yourself or by professional graphic designers
of your organization/country. You may even consider approaching our contracted service provider
Eureka Sciencefor Graphics Enhancement
Services.
The Graphics Designing team at Eureka Science can assist in improving the quality of your images
at affordable rates. Eureka Science has contracted special rates with us of US $155
for the improvement of up to five figures, with any additional figures being charged at US
$25 each.
The quality of Graphic Enhancement Services offered by Eureka Science can be viewed at http://www.eureka-science.com/images/Binder1.pdf,
along with valuable feedback on their services at http://www.eureka-science.com/testimonials.php.
You may contact Eureka Science at [email protected]
Note: Availing Graphics Enhancement Services does not guarantee acceptance of the
manuscript for publication. The final acceptance/decision on the manuscript is taken by the
EiC.
Guideline for Figures/Illustrations
Illustrations must be provided according to the following guideline:
Illustrations should be embedded in the text file, and must be numbered consecutively
in the order of their appearance. Each figure should include only a single
illustration which should be cropped to minimize the amount of space occupied by the
illustration.
If a figure is in separate parts, all parts of the figure must be provided in a
single composite illustration file.
Photographs should be provided with a scale bar if appropriate, as well as
high-resolution component files.
Scaling/Resolution
Line Art image type is normally an image based on lines and text. It does not contain tonal
or shaded areas. The preferred file format should be TIFF or EPS, with the color mode being
Monochrome 1-bit or RGB, in a resolution of 900-1200 dpi.
Halftone image type is a continuous tone photograph containing no text. It should have the
preferred file format TIFF, with color mode being RGB or Grayscale, in a resolution of 300
dpi.
Combination image type is an image containing halftone , text or line art elements. It should
have the preferred file format TIFF, with color mode being RGB or Grayscale, in a resolution
of 500-900 dpi
Formats
Illustrations may be submitted in the following file formats:
Illustrator
EPS(preferred format for diagrams)
PDF(also especially suitable for diagrams)
PNG(preferred format for photos or images)
Microsoft Word(version 5 and above; figures must be a single page)
PowerPoint(figures must be a single page)
TIFF
JPEG(conversion should be done using the original file)
BMP
CDX (ChemDraw)
TGF (ISISDraw)
Bentham Science does not process figures submitted in GIF format.
For TIFF or EPS figures with considerably large file size restricting the file size in online
submissions is advisable. Authors may therefore convert to JPEG format before submission as
this results in significantly reduced file size and upload time, while retaining acceptable
quality. JPEG is a ‘lossy’ format. However, in order to maintain acceptable image quality,
it is recommended that JPEG files are saved at High or Maximum quality.
Zipit or Stuffit tools should not be used to compress files prior to submission as the
resulting compression through these tools is always negligible.
Please refrain from supplying:
Graphics embedded in word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document.
Optimized files optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG) because of the
low resolution.
Files with too low a resolution.
Graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Technical Requirements for Graphic/Figure Submissions
Requirement |
Width=8.5 inches (In-between the required size) |
Height=11 inches (In-between the required size) |
Pixels/Inches=300 (minimum dpi) |
All figures should be in vector scale (except half tone, photograph.)
|
Image Conversion Tools
There are many software packages, many of them freeware or shareware, capable of converting
to and from different graphics formats, including PNG.
General tools for image conversion include Graphic Converter on the Macintosh, Paint Shop
Pro, for Windows, and ImageMagick, available on Macintosh, Windows and UNIX platforms.
Bitmap images (e.g. screenshots) should not be converted to EPS as they result in a much
larger file size than the equivalent JPEG, TIFF, PNG or BMP, and poor quality. EPS should
only be used for images produced by vector-drawing applications such as Adobe Illustrator or
CorelDraw. Most vector-drawing applications can be saved in, or exported as, EPS format. If
the images were originally prepared in an Office application, such as Word or PowerPoint,
original Office files should be directly uploaded to the site, instead of being converted to
JPEG or another format of low quality.
Color Figures/Illustrations
Color figures should be supplied in CMYK and not RGB colors.
Note for authorsTo maintain publication quality, figures submitted in color
will be published in color only.
Chemical Structures
Chemical structures MUST be prepared in ChemDraw/CDX and provided as separate file.
Structure Drawing Preferences
[As according to the ACS style sheet]
Drawing Settings
|
Chain angle |
120° |
Bond spacing |
18% of width |
Fixed length |
14.4 pt (0.500cm, 0.2in) |
Bold width |
2.0 pt (0.071cm, 0.0278in) |
Line width |
0.6 pt (0.021cm, 0.0084in) |
Margin width |
1.6 pt (0.096cm) |
Hash spacing |
2.5 pt (0.088cm, 0.0347in) |
Text settings
|
Font |
Times New Roman |
Size |
10 pt |
Under the Preference Choose
|
Units |
points |
Tolerances |
3 pixels |
Under Page Setup Use
|
Paper |
US letter |
Scale |
100% |
TABLES
Data Tables should be submitted in Microsoft Word table format.
Each table should include a title/caption being explanatory in itself with respect to the
details discussed in the table. Detailed legends may then follow.
Table number in bold font i.e. Table
1
, should follow a title. The title should be in small case with the first letter
in caps. A full stop should be placed at the end of the title.
Tables should be embedded in the text exactly according to their appropriate placement in
the submitted manuscript.
Columns and rows of data should be made visibly distinct by ensuring that the borders of
each cell are displayed as black lines.
Tables should be numbered in Arabic numerals sequentially in order of their citation in
the body of the text.
If a reference is cited in both the table and text, please insert a lettered footnote in
the table to refer to the numbered reference in the text.
Tabular data provided as additional files can be submitted as an Excel spreadsheet.
AUTHORSHIP
AUTHORSHIP CRITERIA
Bentham Science Publishers requires that all individuals listed as authors must have made a
substantial contribution to the design, performance, analysis, or reporting of the work. The
role of authors is judged on the basis of ICMJEand
COPE
guidelines.
Authorship Declaration
All contributing authors are required to sign a copyright letter, mentioning complete details,
including full name, affiliation, email address, ORCID ID and their role in the article. After
successful electronic submission of a manuscript, a system-generated acknowledgements will be
sent to all authors on their provided email addresses.
AUTHORS AND INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONS
The Corresponding Author must provide a final list of authors at the time of submission, ensuring
the correct sequence of the names of authors, which will not be considered for any addition,
deletion or rearrangement after final submission of the manuscript. The email address of the
principal author should be provided with an asterisk. However, the complete address, business
telephone numbers, fax numbers and e-mail address of the corresponding author must be stated to
receive correspondence and galley proofs. Bentham Science Publishers recommends that all
contributors regularly update their profiles on SCOPUS/ORCID and other databases.
The corresponding author must have the approval of all other listed authors for the submission
and publication of all versions of the manuscript.
AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION
Authors are strongly recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for
consideration. Alternatively, they can acquire an ORCID ID viathe submission process.
For more information about ORCID IDs, visit here.
CHANGES TO AUTHORSHIP
At the time of initial submission, the finalized list of authors in the correct sequence should
be provided, which will not be changed once the publication process starts.
In exceptional cases, requests for the addition/deletion of an author may be considered by the
publisher subject to a) written approval from all co-authors and b) a strong justification
(which may or may not be accepted by the Publisher).
Here is some advice from COPE on authorship issues. Bentham strives to follow these
guidelines.
General Advice:
Advice
on how to spot authorship problems
Before Publication:
Corresponding
author requests addition of extra author before publication
Corresponding
author requests removal of the author before publication
After publication:
Request
for addition of extra author after publication
Request
for removal of author after publication
AUTHORSHIP AND AI TOOLS
Bentham Science Publishers recognizes that authors use a variety of tools for preparing articles
related to their scientific works, ranging from simple ones to very sophisticated ones.
According to the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines, "AI tools cannot meet the
requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work. As
non-legal entities, they cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor
manage copyright and license agreements".
The pertinence of such tools may vary and evolve with public opinion, due to which the use of
AI-powered language tools has led to a significant debate. These tools may generate useful
results, but they can also lead to errors or misleading results; therefore, it is important to
know which tools were used for evaluating and interpreting a particular scientific work.
Considering the above we require that:
- The authors to report any significant use of such tools in their works, such as instruments
and software along with text-to-text generative AI consistent with subject standards for
methodology.
- All co-authors should sign a declaration that they take full responsibility for all of its
contents, regardless of how the contents were generated. Inappropriate language, plagiarized
and biased contents, errors, mistakes, incorrect references, or misleading content generated
by AI language tools and the relevant results reported in scientific works are the full and
shared responsibility of all the authors, including co-authors.
- AI language tools should not be listed as an author; instead, authors should follow clause
(1) above.
NON-AUTHOR CONTRIBUTORS
Activities such as the acquisition of funding, general supervision of a research group or
general administrative support, writing assistance, technical editing, language editing, and
proofreading alone do not qualify any contributor for authorship. Such contributors may be
acknowledged individually or together as a group in the acknowledgement section. Further
details for writing acknowledgements are available here.Persons not meeting authorship criteria can be acknowledged in
the acknowledgement section of the article rather than being enlisted as authors.
GUEST OR HONORARY AUTHORSHIP
All contributing authors should contribute substantially to the article and sign the
copyright letter. Bentham Science Publishers discourages authorship based solely on position
(e.g., a research supervisor or a departmental head). We use COPE
guidelinesfor identifying any suspected ghost, guest or gift authorship.
LANGUAGE AND EDITING
Authors should seek professional assistance for the correction of grammatical, scientific, and
typographical errors before submission of the revised version of the article for publication.
You may use the professional editing services of our nominated English Language editing organizations
TopEditor Eureka
Science.
Please note that we accept a language certificate, only from one of the above two language editing
organizations.
PROOF CORRECTIONS
Authors will receive page proofs of their accepted paper before publications. To avoid delays in
publication, proofs should be checked immediately for typographical errors and returned within
48 hours. Major changes are not acceptable at the proof stage.
The corresponding author will be solely responsible for ensuring that the revised version of the
manuscript incorporating all the submitted corrections receives the approval of all the
co-authors of the manuscript.
ARTICLES PROCESSING CHARGES/QUICK TRACK PUBLICATION
ARTICLES PROCESSING CHARGES
The Article Processing Charges (APC) for each general article (Irrespective of Research Article, Review Article,
Case Study, etc.) published in this journal is US $1690
and for articles published in this journal within thematic issues is US $1521.
For thematic issues, authors will be entitled to a 20% discount on the listed Article Processing
Charges (APC).
Bentham Science offers a 50% discount off all page charges for manuscripts of all corresponding
authors who reside in countries which are categorized as low-income economies by the World Bank.
To see if you qualify to the discount, please refer to the complete list of these countries click here.
Articles Processing Charges (APC) only become due after an article has been both reviewed and
accepted for publication. Therefore, submission of an article is not a guarantee that it will be
published. The final decision on the manuscript is made by the Editor-in-Chief on the basis of
at least two independent peer-review reports.
Other service fees for activities such as Quick Track Services, Animated Abstracts, Color Figure,
Figure Improvement or Language Editing are optional and are only charged as and when these
services are availed.
QUICK TRACK PUBLICATION
For this journal an optional fast publication fee-based service called QUICK TRACK is available
to authors for their submitted manuscripts. Authors who opt for this fee-based service do not
have to pay any additional page charges.
QUICK TRACK allows online publication within 2 weeks of receipt of the final approved galley
proofs from the authors. Similarly the manuscript can be published in the next forthcoming PRINT
issue of the journal. The total publication time, from date of first receipt of manuscript to
its online publication is 12 weeks, subject to its acceptance by the referees and modification
(if any) by the authors within one week.
The author will be initially charged a small fee on receipt of the agreement form for Quick Track
publication to partially cover the initial costs incurred for expedited processing of the
submitted manuscript. Later, the full Quick Track publication fee (US
$3280 per composed page charges) will be payable in advance, after acceptance of the
manuscript, before online publication of the article. However, if the article is rejected at the
peer-review stage, then the US
$3280 per composed page charges will not be charged.
Please note that whether the author opts for the QUICK TRACK facility or not, standard reviewing
practices will be followed, which will not in any way affect the acceptance or rejection of the
manuscript by the reviewers.
Authors who have availed QUICK TRACK services in a BSP journal will be entitled for an exclusive
30% discount if they again wish to avail the same services in any Bentham journal.
For more information please contact the Editorial Office by e-mail at [email protected]
Bentham Science offers a 50% discount off the Quick Track Publication Fee for manuscripts of all
corresponding authors who reside in countries which are categorized as low-income economies by
the World Bank. To see if you qualify to the discount, please refer to the complete list of
these countries click here.
REFUND POLICY
Bentham Science offers three major services related to its publications:
- Subscription services(to subscribers, institutes, libraries, customers, etc.):
Involving access to published content based on certain charges for corporates, academic
institutes, and individuals.
- Editorial/Author Pre-publication services(to editors, authors, etc.): Quick track
processing, language editing, etc.
- Editorial/Author Post-publication Promotional Services(to authors, institutions and
organizations): Open Access Plus, Animated Abstracts, Sharing PDF on KUDOS, reprints, etc.
Since these services are optional in nature and are offered for specific services rendered, hence
refunds are not allowed against the availed and charged services, except under special cases.
REPRINTS
Printed reprints and e-prints may be ordered from the Publisher at any time, but preferably prior
to publication of the article. First named authors may also order a personal print copy by
contacting at e-mail: [email protected]
ANIMATED ABSTRACTS
Extend the scope and visibility of your research by creating an animated abstract. Bentham Science
has collaborated with Focus Medica, one of the world’s largest publishers of expert animated atlases
and videos in medicine and science.
An animated abstract will help summarise the essential discoveries/ key findings of your published
research or review article. Each professionally produced full-coloured animated abstract in video
format (length 3 – 5 minutes) is accompanied by an English spoken or foreign language commentary.
The animated abstract will be published online along with the published article.
The payment for an animated abstract will be US
$1320 . Initially, an advance amount of US $800will be payable to the Publisher
to start work on the Animated Abstract, while the balance of US $520will be payable
on completion of the Animated Abstract.
Authors will be asked whether they wish to opt-in for this paid service, and if not, the article will
be published as normal. Animated abstracts are available as open access (free viewing) for maximum
visibility and awareness to your readers at anytime, anywhere. The animated abstracts are licensed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Public License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
For a sample of an animated abstract, please access here www.benthamscience.com/pages/animated-abstract-video
SPECIAL DISCOUNTS
Bentham Science offers discounts to those corresponding authors who are based in low-income
countries*.
The authors who wish to avail this offer should request for a discount at the time of submission of
their manuscripts to Bentham Science.
Eligibility:
Bentham Science offers 50% discount on the Quick Track Fee and Article Processing Charges (APC)
for manuscripts of the corresponding authors based in countries categorized as low-income
economies by World Bank (list given below).
For any query or suggestion, please contact us on [email protected].
List of Countries**:
AfghanistanBeninBurundiCentral
African RepublicCongo,
Rep.EritreaGeorgiaGuinea-BissauIraqKosovoLiberiaMarshall
IslandsMongoliaNepalParaguaySierra
LeoneSudanTajikistanTongaYemen,
Rep.AlbaniaBhutanCambodiaChadCôte
d'IvoireEthiopiaGhanaGuyanaKenyaKyrgyz
RepublicMadagascarMauritaniaMoroccoNicaraguaRwandaSolomon
IslandsSwazilandTanzaniaUgandaZambiaArmeniaBoliviaCameroonComorosDjiboutiFijiGuatemalaHaitiKiribatiLao
PDRMalawiMicronesia, Fed.
Sts.MozambiqueNigerSamoaSomaliaSyrian
Arab
RepublicTimor-LesteVanuatuZimbabweBelizeBurkina
FasoCape VerdeCongo, Dem.
RepEl SalvadorGambia,
TheGuineaHondurasKorea,
Dem
Rep.LesothoMaliMoldovaMyanmarPapua
New GuineaSenegalSouth
SudanSão Tomé and
PrincipeTogoWest Bank and Gaza
REVIEWING AND PROMPTNESS OF PUBLICATION
All papers submitted to Bentham Science for publication are immediately subjected to preliminary
editorial scrutiny by the Editorial Staff and Editor-in-Chief in connection with their suitability. The
Editor-in-Chief determines if the manuscript:
(a) falls within the scope of the journal and
(b) meets the editorial criteria of Bentham Science Publishers in terms of originality
and quality.
Manuscripts that appear to be suitable are then subjected to double-blind peer review by, usually two to
three, neutral eminent experts. The services of eminent international experts are sought through
invitations to conduct the peer review of a submitted manuscript, keeping in view the scope of the
manuscript and the expertise of the reviewers. The identities of both the reviewer and author are kept
undisclosed to each other, ensuring anonymity and maintaining confidentiality throughout the entire
review procedure. The anonymity of reviewers ensures an objective and unbiased assessment of the
manuscript by the reviewers.
Before sending the manuscripts to reviewers, Bentham Science seeks consent from
potential reviewers about their availability and willingness to review. Correspondence between the
editorial office of the journal and the reviewers is kept confidential. The reviewers are expected to
provide their reports in a timely fashion since a prompt review leads to the timely publication of a
manuscript which is beneficial not only to the authors but to the scientific community as well.
The editorial process and peer-review workflow for each journal are taken care of by a team of Senior
Editors, Editorial Board Members (EBMs) and dedicated Journal managers who have the required expertise
in their specific fields.
Bentham Science Publishers carries out independent reviews of all articles. The reviewers are selected
according to their expertise, from our, regularly updated, referee database.
On the basis of reviewer comments, the Editors may recommend acceptance, revision or rejection of a
manuscript.
After a review of the manuscript by at least two or three independent experts, in addition to the views
of the
Editor, the decision is relayed to the authors, which may be categorized as:
Requires minor changes
Requires major changes
Rejected with no resubmission
If an article receives two contradictory reports, the Editor-in-Chief retains the right to request
additional comments and the discretion to make the final decision without waiting for additional
reports, taking into consideration the content and conclusions presented in all reports. This proactive
approach ensures promptness in conveying the Editor's decision, thereby facilitating swift communication
with the author.
Bentham Science requests not to have the manuscripts peer-reviewed by those experts who
may have competing interest with the author(s) of a submitted manuscript. It is not possible for Editors
to be aware of all competing interests; it is therefore expected that the reviewers would inform the
Editor-in-Chief/Handling Editor if they notice any potential competing interest during the course of
review of a manuscript. Moreover, the reviewers are expected to inform the Editors or editorial office
of the journal if they have a conflict of interest in carrying out the review of a manuscript submitted
by any author/contributor of the manuscript.
The authors are usually requested to resubmit the revised paper within 15 days and it will then be
returned to the reviewers for further evaluation. The publishers normally allow one round of revision
and, in exceptional cases, a second round of revision may be allowed. If further revision is needed,
then the manuscript is rejected and the author is requested to resubmit the manuscript for fresh
processing.
The final decision regarding acceptance or rejection is that of the Editor-in-Chief, depending on the
quality of the revision and his assessment of the quality of the manuscript. In rare cases, manuscripts
recommended for publication by the referees may be rejected in the final assessment by the
Editor-in-Chief.
The time frame for revision of any article may vary from one to four weeks, depending on the nature of
the revision required (minor or major). However, authors who need extra time for revision should consult
the Editor-in-Chief/Handling Editor with valid reasons and the submission date of the revised manuscript
may be extended if the request is genuine.
After the successful completion of the review and acceptance of the article, the articles are typeset and
proofs are dispatched to authors for any corrections prior to final publication.
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
Plagiarism means copying or paraphrasing another writer's content, be it a text, a result or an
observation, and stating it as one's own, without citing a reference to the original source.
Therefore, authors should acknowledge and cite references to the work of other scientists in their
manuscripts. The author should ensure that all the sources are authentic and that there is no
discrepancy in the content of the manuscript.
Bentham Science is vigilant in checking and identifying the primary sources of the data within the
content by using the iThenticatesoftware
to detect instances of overlapping and similarity of text in submitted manuscripts. iThenticatesoftware verifies the content
against a database of periodicals, materials on the Internet, and a comprehensive article database.
The software generates a similarity report in percentage that matches the article in process and the
published material. This similarity is further scrutinized for suspected plagiarism according to the
publisher's Editorial Policies. The generated report comprises the overall percentage of the content
reused.
The Credibility of Sources- Acknowledgements
The study of an author has to be original. If there are credible sources of the content referred
to in the manuscript, the author needs to cite all of them. Authors are advised to use iThenticatebefore submitting a
manuscript to ensure that there are no instances of plagiarism. Authors are required to provide
proper consent from the individuals and contributions of other authors should be acknowledged.
Bentham Science has different editorial policies for authors who have more than one publication.
Following those policies, the authors need to specify the sources of the submission in their
recent work. For further details, please visit the following link of Editorial Policies for
Concurrent Publication/Simultaneous Submission at https://benthamscience.com/pages/editorial-policies-main
Bentham Science strictly follows COPE guidelines to detect plagiarism. For clearer insight,
authors may refer to the flowcharts provided by COPE by clicking here or visiting the COPE
website.
GAIN MORE PUBLICATION REACH AND IMPACT VIA KUDOS
Bentham Science is a publishing partner of Kudos. All authors who publish in this journal will
receive an invitation to join the Kudos platform, an entirely free service for authors. Kudos
enables authors to help broaden their audience and readers, increase their professional profile and
reputation, and establish an impact for their publications. The website link is www.growkudos.com.
Kudos provides a free platform to researchers to have their publications accessible, read and cited
across multiple networks and channels available to researchers for the dissemination of their work.
It takes on average 15 minutes and leads to 23% higher growth in full-text downloads.
Authors are encouraged to explain their work in clear English and to attract researchers of the
relevant communities, share a trackable link that you can email to your existing network of
contacts, or share on social media and academic websites, and track how well the articles are
performing through the summary of views, downloads, citations, and altmetrics on the Kudos
dashboard.
Authors may also use the new shareable PDF (S-PDF) service. The S-PDF provides researchers with the
means to write and share a high-level overview for each of their publications. Kudos thereby
provides researchers, and their publishers and institutions, with a rich understanding of which
channels and activities are most effective for broadening the reach and impact of published science.
EARLY VIEW ARTICLES
Bentham Science Publishers is pleased to offer electronic publication of accepted papers prior to
scheduled publication. These peer-reviewed papers can be cited using the date of access and the
unique DOI number. Any final changes in manuscripts will be made at the time of print publication
and will be reflected in the final electronic version of the issue. Articles in Early View may
be ordered by pay-per-view at the relevant links by each article stated via the
Early View
Disclaimer
Articles appearing in Early View sections have been peer-reviewed and accepted for
publication in this journal and posted online before scheduled publication. Articles appearing
here may contain statements, opinions, and information that have errors in facts, figures, or
interpretation. Accordingly, Bentham Science Publishers, the editors, authors and their
respective employees are not responsible or liable for the use of any such inaccurate or
misleading data, opinion or information contained of articles in the Early View.
COPE MEMBERSHIP
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is an advisory
body that ensures the highest standards of editorial practice in scholarly publishing, by providing
guidance to editors and publishers in all aspects of publication ethics.
Current Medical Imaging is committed to upholding ethical standards in scholarly publishing. This
journal is affiliated with COPE and adheres to its guidelines. To learn more about COPE guidelines,
visit COPE website.
APPEALS AND COMPLAINTS
Generally, the editorial decisions are not reverted. However, authors who think that their manuscript
was rejected due to a misunderstanding or mistake may seek an explanation for the decision. Appeals
must give sound reasoning and compelling evidence against the criticism raised in the rejection
letter. A difference of opinion as to the interest, novelty, or suitability of the manuscript for
the journal will not be considered as an appeal. The EIC and other relevant editors will consider
the appeal and the decision thereafter taken by the journal will be deemed final. Acceptance of the
manuscript is not guaranteed even if the journal agrees to reconsider the manuscript, and the
reconsideration process may involve previous or new reviewers or editors and substantive revision.
Authors who wish to make a complaint should refer them to the Editor-in-Chief of the journal
concerned. Complaints to the Publisher may be emailed to [email protected]