Research on Engineering Applications in Multidisciplinary Sectors (Part 2)

Water is considered a life-sustaining resource on this planet Earth. Similarly, rivers are considered the lifeline of society. Rivers keep themselves in good condition due to their self-cleansing power. Indiscriminate dumping of solid and liquid waste due to enhanced urbanisation and industrialisation has reduced the self-cleansing capacity of the rivers, and as a result, the rivers get polluted. Therefore in the current investigation, water quality status of river Ramganga was assessed at the selected sites of three different districts (Moradabad, Rampur, and Bareilly) of western Uttar Pradesh, India based on their Limnological characteristics {Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Phosphate (PO4 3-), Nitrate (NO3 -), Sulphate (SO4 2-), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn)}. The obtained data were processed to calculate the water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI). It was observed that the studied physicochemical parameters were within the limits of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), except TDS. The values of studied heavy metals were found beyond the ideal limit of BIS, except for zinc. The obtained WQI values elucidate that the river water is unsuitable for consumption (WQI is > 100) except at SS-4 and 5, where water quality falls in the very poor category (WQI=75-100). Based on HPI, the water quality of raw water falls in the unsuitable for drinking category (HPI is > 10), showing a higher concentration of heavy metals in the river. HEI values were also found in the higher zone (HEI is > 20). Heavy metals are major contributory factors in the quality degradation of the river Ramganga water. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wastewater treatment facility along the river coast to protect the water quality and flora and fauna of rivers.

Geo-textiles, a recently developing field in civil engineering and other sectors, have a wide range of possible uses across the world. For infrastructure projects like building roads, ports, and other structures, geo-textiles are the ideal material. For separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, stability, barrier, and erosion protection, geo-textiles are utilized. The majority of geo-textiles consist of polyolefin, polyester, or polyamide polymers, which can lead to environmental issues such as soil contamination and microplastic build-up. These limitations make time-consuming recollection of the content important for some applications. Therefore, the creation of more ecologically responsible and biodegradable geo-textiles is desirable for a variety of application scenarios. So the researcher’s interest also shifts to the recent advancements in geo-textiles, with a focus on green geo-textiles and high-performance geo-textiles. The paper presents an overview of the different natural and synthetic textile fibers used for geotextile applications.

Technical textile has a very significant subset called medical textile that encompasses a wide range of items. The word “medical textile” generally refers to all textile products used by the medical industry for a variety of functions. Medical textile, commonly referred to as healthcare textile, is one of the most rapidly developing segments of the technical textile market. The ongoing advancements and breakthroughs in both textile technology and medical processes are driving the growth rate of technical textiles in this sector. Material components employed in this field encompass yarns, woven, knitted, and non-woven textile materials, as well as composite materials reinforced with textiles. From simple surgical sutures to complicated composite structures for bone and tissue replacement, hygiene materials, and protective items used in operating rooms and postoperative wound management, the applications are numerous and diverse. The primary objective of this study is to highlight the significance of textiles with technical properties in medical, surgical, and health-care applications, as well as to identify specific textiles that are currently being utilized in this field.

This review paper investigates nanotechnology in-depth, covering its historical growth, multiple kinds, and numerous applications. It follows the advancement of nanotechnology from concept to reality, beginning with its inception and historical milestones. It analyses the distinctive qualities and fabrication processes of nanotechnology by categorizing it into several sorts, such as top-down and bottomup approaches. Furthermore, the review demonstrates the broad range of nanotechnology applications, which include medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental solutions. This review emphasizes the multidisciplinary significance of nanotechnology and the need for responsible integration into society by revealing its revolutionary potential across different sectors.

In the current context, the rapidly evolving, disruptive, and promising technology to expand secure distributed databases has generated tremendous anxiety in both the public and corporate sectors, as well as enthusiasm and optimism. A potential remedy for this is the creation of secure, decentralized networks of networked devices using blockchain-based Internet of Things (B-IoT), which combines the advantages of blockchain and IoT. Although this technology has the potential to alter sectors and create new opportunities completely, it also has several drawbacks. The distributed replicated database is frequently utilized for blockchain technology. A B-IoT has improved security, transparency, and productivity as its main benefits. This paper emphasizes the importance of B-IoT, its features and vulnerabilities, and the need for continual innovation and collaboration to enable its successful adoption and deployment.

In this period of rapid technological development, society is more concerned about the sustainability of products. The textile and clothing industry is a focus of the sustainability movement because of its effects on the environment and society. One of the major environmentally damaging sectors in the world is the textile industry. Management of leftover cloth has been one of the problems we have today. The leftover materials from tailoring shops and boutiques are often dumped in landfills and lakes, which is the most underdeveloped aspect of solid waste management services. The careless disposal of textiles results in pollution and an unhealthy environment. Consumption also contributes to the creation of garbage; therefore, production is not the only source. The creation of indigenous textiles is prioritized in sustainable development because it creates employment possibilities, particularly for rural areas, and helps to safeguard the environment. Indian textiles and crafts are well-known throughout the world. Therefore, this study explores the viability of sustainable development in the fashion industry by creating upcycled and handmade products that fuse classic designs with new technologies to boost demand while promoting sustainable development.

In this chapter, up-cycling techniques were investigated and used to make a variety of women's accessories out of clothes leftover from boutiques and tailor shops. It has also discussed critical findings about the assessment and acceptability of sustainable products made from leftover fabric using craft-design up-cycling techniques that adhere to sustainability principles.

We develop a model here dealing with probabilistic demand in a production model. The reliability has been considered with the production process, and product deterioration is also considered. The proposed model is studied in inflationary conditions. In this article, the model is structured under the backlog and the nonbacklog cases. A mathematical formulation has been provided for the given model, and the quantitative example has served as a demonstration of the theoretical results. To examine the impact of all of the variables on the offered model, a sensitivity assessment has also been provided. The results give some managerial outputs for the practitioners.

Neonatal jaundice refers to the manifestation of a yellowish hue in the sclerae and integument of a neonate, which arises from elevated bilirubin concentrations. The use of deep learning techniques for the early detection and assessment of newborn jaundice can potentially reduce the incidence of problems in neonates. This study focuses on detecting and classifying jaundice in neonates using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed deep CNN model utilizes Adam and RSProp as an optimizer. The model with Adam optimizer showed better training and testing accuracy when compared with RMSProp. The loss of 0.2031 and 0.1923 was obtained with Adam as an optimizer, and 0.2152 and 0.2015 with RMSProp as an optimizer on the training and test datasets. This technology can potentially decrease the duration required for jaundice identification and facilitate the monitoring of jaundice in neonates.

In the modern era, our heavy reliance on electronic technology has made safeguarding data from cyber threats a complex challenge. The primary objective of cyber attacks is to inflict financial harm upon businesses, contributing to the significant issue of cybercrime. This problem can be attributed, in part, to a lack of awareness or disregard among the general public. Specifically, undergraduate students, who are relatively new to the internet landscape, often lack knowledge about the various types of cyber attacks and the legal repercussions associated with them. To assess the awareness levels among young individuals, a survey was conducted among those aged 15-20 years. Additionally, this paper delves into different sections of cyber law and explores the realm of cyber ethics.

The ultraviolet spectra of O-Amino anisole in the vapor phase have been analyzed within the 400–200 nm range. The study focuses on: (i) Correlating the observed spectral frequencies with those of similar molecules and assigning them to their probable vibrational modes. (ii) Investigating the vibrational characteristics of functional groups such as the OCH3 and amino groups, in relation to the spectral assignments of analogous nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The principles governing the vapor-phase spectra have been explored, providing a detailed interpretation of wave numbers, spectral bands, and electronic transitions, including π–π* and η–π* bands, along with their respective shifts. Additionally, the analysis encompasses 0–0 bands, as well as the characterization of the molecule’s ground and excited states.

In this study, we present theoretical investigations of the ErRuSi compound. The compound has been investigated using some theoretical approaches, including local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximations (GGA), Becke Johnson (BJ), and modified Becke Johnson (mBJ). This study presents an analysis of structural characteristics and electronic properties with the help of GGA approximation. The structural properties of an ErRuSi material may be characterized in terms of its lattice parameter and the stability curve of energy vs. volume. In this paper, we have calculated the lattice constant as a0=6.9211 Å, b0=4.2929 Å, and c0=7.0319 Å. All these parameters strongly agree with experimental data. The electronic properties of an ErRuSi material may be described in terms of its band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS). Overall electronic properties are confirmed, and ErRuSi material is metallic in nature. This nature is due to the Er-f state. All the features demonstrate a strong correlation with the experimental results.

The ternary compound Ho4XGa12, (X = Pd and Pt), displays unconventional physical properties such as heavy fermions behavior, notable magnetoresistance, and future applications in superconductivity. These applications occur because of the molecule's tight connection among its electrons. Ho4XGa12 (X = Pd, Pt) crystallizes in the cubic phase consisting of the Im-3m space group. To exhibit the relevant character of Ho4XGa12 (X = Pd, Pt), we have inquired about the electronic structure, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Ho4XGa12 (X = Pd, Pt) using density functional theory (DFT) with the help of WIEN2K and Gibss2 software. Electronic properties show the metallic behavior of both compounds.

The quest for health and fitness is an ever-evolving journey that spans generations, fostering holistic wellness, self-confidence, and mental acuity. This research delves into the transformative essence of the Strongmoves program in revolutionizing motor fitness among males, focusing on dual primary aims: evaluating the program's influence on male participants and juxtaposing the outcomes across varied age brackets. The methodology encompasses an exhaustive spectrum of fitness evaluations, enveloping aspects such as strength, cardiorespiratory prowess, endurance, flexibility, agility, coordination, and equilibrium. The findings are striking, delineating a significant and applicable upswing in all motor fitness facets across diverse age categories. The data, meticulously dissected through Repeated Measure ANOVA, accentuates marked augmentations in strength, cardiorespiratory potential, endurance, flexibility, agility, coordination, and stability. These insights corroborate the potency of Strongmoves in ameliorating motor fitness, with the age group of 16-20 years reaping particularly remarkable advantages. In essence, this scholarly probe emphasizes the criticality of bespoke fitness interventions in maximizing results and shaping public health blueprints. It furnishes empirical substantiation affirming Strongmoves' positive sway over motor fitness and reiterates the significance of systematic exercise regimens in boosting wellness across a spectrum of demographic clusters. Strongmoves stands out as a scientifically endorsed modality for cultivating comprehensive health and fitness, thus enriching individual existences and communal health.

Enhancing software security is crucial for software developers seeking to optimize resource allocation and programming quality. This paper underscores the effectiveness of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in predicting software security issues due to their proficiency in handling high-dimensional data and robust classification capabilities. By analyzing software vulnerability data, SVMs enable the early anticipation of security threats, offering a proactive approach to threat mitigation within the software development lifecycle. Comparative analysis across sixteen datasets showcases SVMs' reliability in forecasting software security risk when juxtaposed with eight statistical and machine learning models. This research advances our comprehension of SVMs' ability to predict security vulnerabilities, providing enterprises with insights to weigh the integration of SVMs into their development processes for improved security. The results not only contribute to the field of software security but also underscore SVMs as a dependable predictive tool, consistently outperforming or rivaling other models. 

In an era where user-centricity is paramount, this study explores the integration of psychological and sociological principles into human-centered engineering design, highlighting their role in promoting user-centricity, inclusivity, and ethical responsibility. By examining the intersection of psychology, sociology, and engineering, the research demonstrates how these disciplines enrich product development, resulting in designs that are more aligned with diverse user needs, behaviors, and societal contexts. The study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, where experts from various fields—such as psychology, sociology, and engineering—work together to create solutions that address complex user experiences and real-world challenges. Ethical considerations, such as privacy, data security, and user autonomy, are explored, underscoring the importance of responsible design in today’s data-driven world. Real-world case studies showcase the successful application of these principles across sectors like healthcare, e-commerce, education, and urban design, illustrating how integrating these insights leads to more inclusive, user-friendly, and ethically sound technologies. This research encourages future studies on effective interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical innovation, and the ongoing exploration of user experiences. Ultimately, it underscores the need for innovation that balances functionality with empathy, inclusivity, and ethical consciousness. 

The major objective of this study was to study the effect of circuit training on the speed and agility of school students. To achieve the purpose of the study, sixty (60) male students were selected who served as subjects, and their age group was between 9 to 14 years. The selected subjects were divided into two groups i.e., experimental and control group. Total 30 male students were selected for each group as research subjects. The experimental group underwent through circuit training exercise on 8 stations for 12 weeks. The control group only engaged in their normal activities; no additional training was provided. The physical variables that were examined during the study were speed and agility. All the data which was collected before and after the application of the training programme was examined by using a dependent “t” test to find out the significant difference between the means of pre and post-test scores of the experimental group. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05. The obtained ‘t’ score of Speed and Agility was found to be higher than the required table value of 1.67 to be significant at 0.05 level of confidence at df 58. It clarifies that the post-data score of students in the experimental group is better than the post data of the control group of school students.

This study examines the use of coal-fired power plant byproduct granulated bottom ash as a sustainable construction material, stressing its function in industrial ecology to reduce environmental effects. While acknowledging uneven particle sizes and lower concrete strength, the study recommends adequate processing and granulation to improve bottom ash's building compatibility. Further, the paper provides a literature analysis to stress the significance of waste management accountability to long-term sustainable growth. It includes steps like data preparation, testing, data collection, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Cost Analysis (CA). Specific tools are needed to carry out the test. When compared to conventional concrete, granulated bottom ash performs better in environmental impacts, compressive strength, and thermal stability. Results showed that granulated bottom ash had lower GWP, melting point, and compressive strength than normal concrete, with the former having a temperature of around 1100°C and the latter of about 35 MPa. By far, the best approach was the cost-benefit analysis. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that granulated bottom ash might contribute to the building industry's push toward sustainable development goals. 

Glycerol is a prevalent molecule called ‘Jacks of All Trades’ ascribed to its countless applications in the food industry, cosmetics, polymer, and pharmaceutics. It is obtained as a by-product of three distinct reactions of natural fats and oils: hydrolysis, saponification, and transesterification. In the recent past, the flourishing biodiesel industry has resulted in the accumulation of the by-product glycerol. This surplus glycerol, regarded as a waste in the biodiesel industry, has choked the glycerol market globally. In the era of a greener environment, the utilization of waste into valuable products is highly recommended. However, the crude glycerol obtained from the biodiesel industry being contaminated with methanol left out catalyst, and other organic residues could not be consumed directly in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, glycerol carbonate has emerged as a promising candidate offering services in the food, polymer, electrolytic, pharmaceutical, and fuel industries. Out of the three preparation routes, the base-catalyzed transesterification route employing glycerol and dimethyl carbonate as the reactants is preferred due to the mild reaction conditions, high yield, and product selectivity. Homogeneous catalysts (K2CO3 , KOH, and NaOH) are refrained from adue to their separation issues.

To address the issues related to the homogeneous base, Brønsted or Lewis basic groups have been incorporated over the matrix for the synthesis of a variety of heterogeneous catalysts for the production of glycerol carbonate.

In the 21st century, the meaning of development has been changed and it is termed as sustainable development to ensure holistic development of all the inhabitants on the planet. This means to transform and modify the earlier inference of the development i.e. technological and industrial development. For the desired transformation aligned with SGD 11 and 16, RERA was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2016 and came into effect on May 1, 2017. Its fundamental objective is to assure the interests of home buyers and advocate transparency, accountability, and productivity in the real estate industry. RERA aims to create a fair and transparent real estate market, increase investor confidence, and protect the rights of homebuyers to make cities and human settlements comprehensive, safe, volatile, and sustainable with the end objective of social justice. It has significantly impacted the real estate sector in India, making it more accountable, buyer-friendly, and sustainable. However, its effectiveness may vary from state to state, as the implementation and functioning of RERA are under the purview of the respective state governments. This paper explores the impact of the Real Estate Regulation and Development Act (RERA) on consumers, builders, real estate agents, and buyers. Prior to the implementation of RERA, there was a lack of clarity on the carpet area, which was under the monopoly of builders regarding loading, rates, and modes of payments. This led to fraudulent practices, and there was no clear picture of projects, possessions, and sanctions. The paper attempts to find out the immediate impact of this act on builders and customers, aligned with global objectives. The implementation of RERA has brought about significant changes in the real estate industry. It has increased transparency and accountability, which has helped to build trust between builders and customers. Overall, the paper highlights the positive impact of RERA on the real estate industry and its stakeholders. It concludes that RERA has brought about a paradigm shift in the industry and has helped to create a more transparent and accountable real estate sector in India.

The air pollutants in the urban environment of Pink City, Brahmapur, Odisha, include formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), PM2.5, and PM10. The objectives of the experimental work were to determine the level of air pollution and clarify any possible health effects. Data from air quality monitoring shows that these concentrations of pollutants are cyclical, with significant examples of PM2.5 and PM10 surpassing legal limits and posing increased health hazards. To lessen the negative consequences of these pollutants, mitigation measures were being put in place. These tactics combine technology interventions with campaigns to raise public awareness. By absorbing pollutants and limiting their spread, green infrastructure, such as tree planting and vegetated buffers, tries to improve air quality. Furthermore, strict vehicle emission limits are being put into effect, which is reducing the number of pollutants released by road traffic. Residents are made aware of the significance of lowering personal contributions to air pollution by ethical behaviour through public awareness initiatives. Fighting air pollution is still necessary to protect public health and enhance the quality of the environment as a whole. In order to improve the air quality in Pink City, Brahmapur, and create a sustainable urban environment for its residents, it is crucial to keep an eye on pollutant densities and to consistently adopt mitigation measures by the Govt. of Odisha and India as well as alertness of general public is very much required. Here, the main goal of our experimental investigation is to analyze Brahmapur’s air quality and the measures to reduce the pollution of this PINK CITY of Odisha.

This study examines the effect of small-sided games on the agility of 60 female soccer players at LNIPE in Gwalior. The participants who were selected were divided into two equal groups’ i.e. experimental group and the control group. The age range of the participants was from 18 to 25 years. A pre-post intervention design was employed, wherein 30 participants were in the experimental group and 30 participants were in the control group. The selected players underwent a 12-week training program based on a small-sided game which helped to improve the agility of the players. Final agility measurements were taken of both groups, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of any changes that occurred. Analysis of the data revealed statistically significant differences in the agility of the experimental group whereas no significant difference occurred in the control group. After the 12-week training intervention, the dependent ttest was applied and the experimental group demonstrated an increase in agility. These findings recommend that training based on a small-sided game can lead to improved agility, as indicated by a reduction in timings of the test, potentially contributing to better efficiency and overall health in players. In conclusion, this study shows the significance of training based on a small-sided game in the lives of soccer players to promote physical fitness and improve the skill-based performance of female soccer players. 

In this article, the main focus is to study the propagation pattern of the Lovetype surface wave in an orthotropic medium that lies on the isotropic half-space. The two-layered media is constructed in such a way that the corrugation lies in the interface of the two layers and the directional rigidities, densities, and initial stress of both the medium varies as a function of z. The displacement for both the layers has been calculated with the help of Biot’s equation of motion and then by applying the intrinsic boundary condition, the frequency relation can be formed. To clearly understand our findings, graphical interpretation has been performed with the tool of “MATHEMATICA”, which reveals the influence of the heterogeneity constants and corrugation on the velocity of the seismic wave.

This research examines the impact of entrepreneurial culture and education on entrepreneurial intention. The study's participants are students exposed to subjects related to entrepreneurship development, providing them with insights into the pros and cons, as well as the scope of entrepreneurship. These students also experience the entrepreneurial culture within their university. A random sample of 187 students, out of a total of 360 in their final semester, was selected for this research. Path analysis utilizing SPSS was employed to explore the relationships among the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The findings indicate a positive association between entrepreneurial culture and education with entrepreneurial intentions. However, it is essential to note that this research is limited to universities in a single state, Odisha, and further investigation in universities across different states is recommended for generalizability. The practical implication of this study is that universities nationwide can adopt a conceptual framework to cultivate an entrepreneurial culture, thereby fostering entrepreneurship for the economic development of the country.

Recent statistics reveal a significant rise in deaths from heart failure over the past four years, highlighting the need for improved signal processing and classification techniques. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential for accurately measuring heart rate and detecting arrhythmias by isolating key waveforms like the P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave. Auto-Regressive (AR) coefficients are used to analyze these waveforms. For classification, the methods of K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are applied separately, following AR modeling of the ECG signal.

At the turn of the century, the stock market is undergoing profound transformations. To improve efficiency, liquidity, and transparency, the NSE launched a countrywide online fully automated Screen-Based Trading System (SBTS) in which orders are matched on a strict price/time priority, lowering costs. Today, India can brag that computerized order matching accounted for nearly 100% of all trade. For data collection, the study employed both primary and secondary sources. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 100 retail investors from Odisha in order to understand their opinions and identify the difficulties and opportunities associated with online stock trading. Secondary data was gathered from the SEBI and RBI Handbooks, as well as the NSE Fact Book. The study looked at the factors that influence trade volume and liquidity in the Indian stock market. The study discovered that FII has an influence on NSE turnover. It also investigated the expansion and performance of stock trading activities in India. The results demonstrated that the NSE is expanding and is the largest exchange in the country in terms of turnover, as well as providing superior securities trading services to investors nationally.

This paper discusses the utilization of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for generating and verifying quantum keys, within the context of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). QKD is a secure communication protocol that employs quantum mechanics for key exchange. While QKD is resistant to classical computing attacks, quantum computers pose a threat. NLP introduces innovative methods for quantum key generation and verification. Quantum Linguistic Patterning (QLP) is one such method that leverages statistical language properties to generate quantum keys. Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) is used to verify these keys. This paper outlines the process, emphasizing the potential efficiency, scalability, and security advantages of NLP-based quantum key generation and verification methods. It also highlights areas for future research, including the development of more advanced NLP techniques, enhanced security measures, and novel NLP-based applications in quantum cryptography. Finally, an efficient and unique algorithm is presented, showcasing how NLP can be used to generate and verify quantum keys, thus demonstrating its superiority in terms of efficiency, scalability, and security compared to traditional methods.