Book Volume 2
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Macromolecule Analysis
Page: 1-35 (35)
Author: Mehmet Atakay, Hacı Mehmet Kayılı, Ülkü Güler and Bekir Salih*
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
The need for conformational information is increasing by the time in studies
on macromolecules. For example, proteins may have various functions and properties
depending on their folding states that make their conformational analyses very
important. Mass spectrometry is one of the most effective analytical techniques that
separate ions in the gas phase by their mass-to-charge ratio. It provides useful data on
molecular characterization in many areas of research with high precision, accuracy, and
sensitivity. Although mass spectrometry is a very powerful analytical technique, it
cannot distinguish different species having identical mass-to-charge ratio. The
analytical technique combining mass spectrometry with ion mobility spectrometry
(IM-MS), which provides information about the three-dimensional structure of an ion,
solves this problem by separating them according to their collision cross sections
(CCS) in the gas phase. This analytical method also provides the advantages of higher
precision and better resolution in the rapid analysis of different types of complex
samples. The separation of isomers with the same molecular weight, increasing the
dynamic range and distinguishing ions from chemical noise are the most important
features that this technique contributes to mass spectrometry. As improvements have
been made in IM-MS technology, the number and quality of publications in the areas
where this technique is used increases rapidly. In this chapter, the use of IM-MS
techniques in the fields such as proteomics, glycoproteomics and polymer
characterization are explained by presenting their various applications in the literature.
Poisonous Substances in Tropical Medicinal and Edible Plants: Traditional Uses, Toxicology, and Characterization by Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Techniques
Page: 1-37 (37)
Author: Amanda E. de Athayde, Monalisa A. Moreira, Gabriella B. Souza, Tiago Tizziani, Maique W. Biavatti and Louis P. Sandjo*
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural metabolites containing nitrogen atoms, produced for
different biological functions by plants, animals, and microorganisms. In most cases, its
production is related to the defense mechanism of an organism through allelopathic
effects. Because of this allelopathic property, some of these alkaloids are used as
pesticides and can somehow be found in food and beverages as exogenous
contaminants. Other contaminations by alkaloids come from industrial processing; so,
ingestion of contaminated food or drinks can cause poisoning or death. Many of these
plants, although composed of toxic substances, are also used as traditional medicines.
Therefore, the compilation of these plants, their chemical constituents, and their
pharmacological effects remain important. This paper aims to report traditional
preparations and the use of edible plants containing toxic components, their
toxicological records of a part of these poisonous metabolites, some regulations on
their tolerable dose, and appropriate hyphenated techniques related to mass
spectrometric for their separation, detection, quantification, and characterization. In
addition, a particular emphasis will be placed on the properties of the stationary and
mobile phases used for these studies. The fragmentation mechanism pathways based on
mass spectrometry data for these substances will be widely described, and the
diagnostic peak will be highlighted.
LC-MS Analysis of Endogenous Neuropeptides from Tissues of Central Nervous System: An Overview
Page: 1-61 (61)
Author: Neva Alasağ* and Erol Şener
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
In recent years, various methods and technological advances demonstrated
that neurochemical measurements have contributed to significant improvements in our
understanding of the relationship between chemistry in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the organism. Techniques based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry (LC-MS) are potent approaches for separating and quantifying
endogenous neuropeptides in CNS. The separation ability and reliability of LC with
sensitivity and selectivity of MS have become a valuable combination for peptide
analysis either qualitatively or quantitively. Thus, new peptides have been identified
using this technique. When applied to disease models, pathophysiological mechanisms
can be identified and used as drug targets or biomarkers. Due to the low concentrations
of neuropeptides in the biological samples, they restrict developing analysis methods
and the understanding of their biological function. This book chapter focuses on novel
developments of LC-MS/MS for endogenous neuropeptides. It has also emphasized the
applications that cite preparation techniques used for brain tissue analysis, published in
recent years.