This handbook covers Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) with a specific focus on choroidal and vitreoretinal disorders. It serves as an invaluable resource for teaching and aiding daily clinical decision-making in the field. Book chapters dissect the fundamentals of angiography through OCT, offering guidance on OCT-A and insights into macular perfusional findings across various vitreoretinal and choroidal pathologies. From diabetic retinopathy to autoimmune diseases and neovascularization, the book addresses prevalent vascular entities encountered in routine practice. Furthermore, it explores innovative approaches, including antivascular endothelial growth factor molecules and extended-release delivery devices, contributing significantly to the diagnostic and decision-making processes in clinical and surgical retina care. Each chapter is contributed by experts in the relevant subspecialty. Key Features: Practical, patient-centered guide emphasizing a clinical approach. Demonstrative clinical cases for enhanced understanding. Evaluation of perfusional indices using noninvasive and noncontact imaging techniques. High histopathological correlation of structural tissue characterization with microvascular evaluation. Exploration of new perfusion concepts and their role in disease pathogenesis. Part 2 covers advanced topics in OCT-A for choroidal and vitreoretinal disorders. Chapters explore macular perfusional repercussions in obstructive venous vascular phenomena, OCT-A findings in retinal infarction, and the role of macular perfusion in myopic macular traction maculopathy. Further discussions include postoperative perfusional findings in vitreoretinopathy, distinctions in choroidal vasculopathies, and the application of OCT-A in managing pathological choroidal neovascularization. The part concludes with a review of postoperative membrane formation, the usefulness of OCT-A in neurodegenerative diseases, and the evaluation of arterial occlusions and choroidal neovascularization management.

Cardiovascular mortality in women is more frequent than breast cancer mortality, a fact which is often overlooked. Women's Heart and Estrogens explores this important women’s health issue with respect to estrogen levels (before and after menopause) as the hormone has been known to mediate cardiovascular effects in women. The handbook includes a description of the structure and biological activity of estrogen and follows up with a detailed reference on the genetics behind estrogen and its effect on the cardiovascular system. Subsequent chapters cover the effects of estrogens on the stages of atherogenesis, actions of estrogens on the on the vascular wall and on cardiovascular metabolic pathways, causes leading to the development of early onset of coronary heart disease in young women (such as vasculitis and autoimmune diseases)[Obaid ur Rahman1] , hypercoagulable states, myocardial infarction in hallucinogenic drug abusers, non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hormone replacement therapy and postmenopausal risk factors. Medical professionals will also find handy guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Women's Heart and Estrogens offers knowledge to readers in a clear and simple manner with detailed images and summaries in each chapter. Guidelines are also presented in a chronological context which demonstrates the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management strategies for women over the years.

Advancements in Cancer Research: Exploring Diagnostics and Therapeutic Breakthroughs is a comprehensive resource that highlights the latest innovations in cancer research. This book bridges the gap between cutting-edge science and clinical applications, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic advancements, and novel therapeutic strategies revolutionizing cancer care. Organized into thematic sections, the book explores critical areas such as molecular biomarkers, immunotherapy, nanotechnology in diagnostics and treatment, and targeted therapies. Topics include the role of TP53 mutations in colorectal cancer, nanocarriers for melanoma therapy, RNA-based therapeutics for colon cancer, and biomaterials for bone tumor management. Readers will also discover how emerging technologies like nanotheranostics and transethosomes are paving the way for personalized cancer care. Key Features: - Insights into molecular and nanotechnology-driven cancer therapies. - Exploration of diagnostics and biomarker applications. - Multidisciplinary approaches to advancing patient care. - Analysis of current trends and prospects in oncology.

Organ-specific Parasites in Cattle explores parasitic diseases affecting various organs in cattle, offering a deep dive into their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The book provides valuable insights into the etiology, symptoms, and pathophysiology of parasitic infections across critical organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, urogenital system, circulatory system, and more. With an emphasis on the latest research, it highlights advanced diagnostics, histopathological techniques, and the development of antiparasitic drugs and vaccines. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of host-parasite interactions, resistance mechanisms, and effective control strategies, all presented with detailed explanations and visual aids. Designed to serve as a key reference, this book is essential for students, researchers, veterinary practitioners, and academicians aiming to deepen their knowledge in parasitology and animal health. Key Features: - Comprehensive coverage of organ-specific parasitic diseases in cattle - Detailed focus on diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies - Latest advancements in anti-parasitic drugs and vaccines

Gut Microbiota and their Impact on Disease Pathways and Interventions discusses the intricate world of gut microbiota and its profound influence on human health and disease. This comprehensive volume explores the microbiome's pivotal role in conditions ranging from obesity and cardiovascular disease to inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, ocular diseases, and neurological disorders. It offers cutting-edge insights into therapeutic strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, alongside emerging approaches like gut microbial metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers. It serves as a vital resource for understanding and harnessing the role of gut health in disease prevention and management. Key Features: - Multidisciplinary approach integrating microbiology, medicine, and biotechnology. - Innovative treatment modalities including personalized medicine based on microbiome analysis. - Exploration of gut-brain, gut-heart, and gut-immune system interactions.

Promising Cancer Therapeutic Drug Targets: Recent Advancements offers a comprehensive overview of novel and emerging strategies in cancer therapy. The book explores cutting-edge approaches such as exosomal delivery systems, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and immunotoxins, alongside targeting mechanisms like cancer stem cells, apoptosis pathways, and key signaling processes. A strong emphasis is placed on the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in disrupting cancer progression and enhancing treatment response. Chapters are organized around molecular targets, therapeutic pathways, and bioactive agents to provide a clear, thematic structure. Key Features - In-depth exploration of CRISPR/Cas9, exosomes, and stem cell-targeted therapy - Focus on natural compounds in cancer treatment - Insights into key signaling pathways (Hippo, Hedgehog, STAT3) - Discussion on apoptosis and drug resistance mechanisms.

Spinal Surgery Biomechanics: Principles for Residents and Students provides a comprehensive overview of the biomechanical principles essential for understanding spinal surgery techniques. This book explores key topics, including pedicle screw anchorage, lumbar total disc replacement, interbody fusion techniques, and spinal surgery in osteoporotic patients. It also covers degenerative spondylolisthesis, interspinous devices, and spinal stability classification systems. Written for students, residents, and researchers, this volume simplifies complex biomechanical concepts with clear explanations, clinical insights, and up-to-date research findings. Key Features: - Covers essential biomechanics relevant to spinal surgery procedures. - Discusses surgical approaches, implant selection, and stability mechanisms. - Examines spine surgery in osteoporotic and degenerative conditions. - Explores motion-preserving and fusion-based spinal implants. - Reviews classification systems for spinal trauma and instability.

Introduction: Antibiotics and Reproductive Health explores the intricate interplay between antibiotics and the female reproductive system. This comprehensive volume offers an evidence-based analysis of how antibiotics impact fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, with a special focus on antibiotic resistance and emerging treatment alternatives. Bridging medicine, pharmacology, and reproductive health, the book is structured into nine chapters covering topics from the mechanism of antibiotics in reproductive health to alternative therapies like probiotics and herbal medicine. It provides clinical guidelines and discusses risks such as antibiotic resistance and microbiome disruption. Key Features: - Detailed exploration of antibiotic mechanisms in reproductive health. - Discussion on risks including antibiotic resistance and hormonal effects. - Examination of alternative therapies like probiotics and herbal medicine. - Clinical guidelines for antibiotic use in reproductive health.

With renal dysfunction affecting millions worldwide, this book presents a timely and integrative look at emerging insights—from molecular foundations to clinical management. It explores the intricate mechanisms, systemic impact, and clinical complexities of kidney diseases in a multidisciplinary context. Spanning a broad spectrum of conditions, the book addresses renal tubular acidosis, polycystic kidney disease, renal lithiasis, diabetic kidney disease, and sodium imbalance–linked hypertension. Chapters delve into nephrotoxicity, loss of cellular identity in renal carcinoma, epigenetics, dysbiosis, and the evolving role of SGLT2 inhibitors. The book also highlights innovative approaches such as stem cell therapy and the systemic immune interactions that underlie chronic kidney injury. Key Features: Examines genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of renal disease Explores microbiota and immune system crosstalk in kidney pathology Discusses both acute and chronic conditions with clinical relevance Integrates foundational science with translational perspectives Includes emerging therapies and precision medicine approaches

Research Protocols for Ophthalmic Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutics: Glaucoma – Ocular Hypertension offers a detailed, step-by-step protocols for isolating, characterizing, and analyzing cells and tissues of the eye's anterior segment—where OHT originates—using techniques from molecular biology, pharmacology, and histology. Across eight thematic sections, the book covers ocular anatomy, drug screening, receptor localization, cell-based assays, in vitro and in vivo models, drug formulation, and cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and stem cell therapies. Each protocol is designed to support reproducibility and translational relevance. Key Features: Details validated protocols for drug discovery and disease modeling Demonstrates methods for studying receptor function and pharmacokinetics Provides animal models and ex vivo systems to evaluate therapeutic strategies Incorporates emerging tools such as CRISPR, metabolomics, and exosomes Bridges experimental design with clinical relevance for glaucoma research