Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics

The very first idea of microstrip antenna was given by G. A. Deschamps in 1953 [1]. However, it did not receive practical exposure until the 1970s and it was further developed by Robert E. Menson [2]. The microstrip antennas are also called patch antennas and abbreviated as MSA. The microstrip antenna has various key advantages due to its low profile, light weight, low cost, and miniaturization capability [3-4]. There are various authentic applications of microstrip antenna such as satellite communication, Radar, WLAN, and WiMAX [5-9]. Nowadays, microstrip antennas are widely used for military and civilian applications such as broadcast radio, television, mobile systems, radio-frequency identification (RFID) system, vehicle guidance system, a global positioning system (GPS), vehicle collision avoidance system, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, radar systems, determination of direction, surveillance systems, biological imaging, and missile systems, etc.

The new technical developments in wireless networking devices require simultaneous operation at different frequencies for different applications such as LTE, IoT, wi-fi, etc. To achieve the compact microchip scale, this chapter explores the numerous key features of miniaturization techniques in basic antenna with advanced fractal arts. Fractals are a subset of non-Euclidian geometry. The larger bandwidth with multi frequencies is a key characteristic of antennas that have a fractal design in them. The defective ground design successfully overcomes the demerits associated with fractal design in the antenna. Modern-day applications like IEEE802.16 (Wi-Max, WLAN), Mobile operating bands (GSM, LTE), BT, etc., are covered in this chapter.

In the present situation, applications of Artificial Intelligence are exercised by most of the service sectors for obtaining several benefits. This research article provides a general role of AI in financial services and its definition in practical scenarios. The research work is mostly qualitative and does not include any data analysis for its results. This chapter describes the major benefits derived by the practices of AI in general in the financial sector and vehicular communication. For the study, some examples of the role of AI in service organizations are analyzed and results are given from their findings. The authors have explained the benefits of AI from the perspectives of both customers and service providers. This research report provides brief information about AI in general and the advantages of AI for financial institutions in achieving its financial outcomes and helping in market development.

An antenna is a leading transitional that is used to transmit or receive radio waves. In this ever-changing area of wireless networking, dual or multiband antennas have played a critical role in wireless service standards. The microstrip patch antenna has a number of advantages, including a cheap cost, a compact design, a simple construction, and optimum circuitry compatibility. The microstrip patch antenna is a popular and significant topic in antenna theory because of its numerous benefits over conventional antennas, including cheap cost, light weight, ease of feeding, and attractive radiation properties. It has been a source of frustration for scholars. an area of research in which the goal is to reduce antenna size while maintaining a high level of performance preserving a high gain and bandwidth For mobile phones and portable PCs, Microwave and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Connectivity around the World WiMAX interoperability has been utilized. Both are affordable, efficient, and scalable as well as high capacity data connections. This article discusses a variety of applications for a variety of platforms. Radiating patches, feeding methods, and substrates come in a variety of shapes and sizes.

This chapter attempts to give consideration to how the IoT (Internet of Things) is attempting to revolutionize the world. IoT is a network wherein different devices interconnect and furnish to communicate with one another, helping to drive computerization to an advanced level. This helps all the connected devices to communicate with one another and decide by themselves without human intervention. Unconsciously, IoT applications are turning into a significant part of our life. The IoT resembles the system comprising different objects like devices, instruments, vehicles, unique structures, and different things implanted with electronic circuits, programming, different sensors, and system-network connectivity which empowers all of them to collect information. The IoT permits these different objects to sense and control distantly across existing network structure, and thus enables the chances for the physical world to incorporate into computer-based systems, enhancing the effectiveness and precision.

Smart antenna is one of the latest inventions in science and technology, which facilitates the communication process in a better way. There are a lot of features in smart antennas. It has been very useful to track the desired antenna’s location by calculating the beam formation. Due to the implementation of smart signal processing algorithm, we can use the spectrum efficiently. There is a reduction of cost in establishing new wireless networks. It also gives more reliable quality of service. In this chapter, we will talk about the benefits and the most recent advances in smart antenna transceiver architecture. By researching the smart antenna techniques, it is observed that the success of the smart antenna lies on two major factors: