Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics

Smart Grid is defined as an intelligent electrical distribution system that offers bi-directional energy, which flows from producers to consumers, intending to optimize use to reduce costs and improve the performance of the electricity network, which requires a balance between generators, operators, and system distributors, providing benefits , including reduced power losses, lower costs, and better measurement of consumption with better control, enabling a reduction in carbon emissions. With sensors installed in the electrical networks sending data related to energy consumption directly from the consumer unit, they enable more effective and efficient network planning. Besides, the network is designed to reduce the occurrence and duration of power outages as much as possible. In it, electromechanical consumption meters are replaced by digital smart meters, representing a true revolution in energy supply, meaning that the Smart Grid is a system that automates not only the monitoring but the entire management of electricity use. This chapter contributes to the discussion and overview of Smart Grids, their applications in the current era, as well as categorizing and synthesizing the technology's potential.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have turned up as a promising technology due to their deployment nature and the knock-off feature of cost-effectiveness. The rapid increase in the demand for wireless applications has opened up new security vulnerabilities which are related to their infrastructure-less nature and their nature of transmission and hence made WSNs the centre point of attraction for attackers and intruders. Machine Learning has embedded comprehensive solutions to accord with modern security breaches. It has gained a mark of deterrent technology by shoring up the infrastructure of security through mapping security breaches and performing the identification of unknown patterns. This chapter focuses on the illustration of security breaches in wireless sensor networks along with the glimpse of reduction in attacks through dynamic algorithms and strategies of Machine Learning. We have proposed some feature selection methodologies in order to identify the best features out of the available network dataset. These feature selection methods are evaluated against the existing machine learning classifiers in order to identify the best feature selection strategy and the best classifier.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary technology that aims at embedding everything we interact with or use with the capability to share and receive information over the internet. By everything, we mean all plausible things, from the refrigerator in your kitchen and washing machine to a soil moisture sensor on a farm and sprinklers in a stadium field. It has limitless applications in every field, including medical, industrial/manufacturing, security, etc., to name a few. This myriad of applications makes IoT a difficult concept to comprehend. To tackle this issue, we present this work which aims at defining the loosely bounded concept of IoT comprehensively with related examples and lesser technical jargon than usual. Slowly, we will dwell into technical aspects and real-life applications by talking about Wireless Sensory Networks (WSNs, a subset of IoT), Distributed Ledger Technology (or Blockchain), another revolutionary technology that is merging with IoT to give rise to an even more secure and robust range of applications. Then, we will discuss the third pillar, Artificial Intelligence (AI), that, when paired with the aforementioned systems, breathes life into the devices we interact with daily. Finally, we will weigh the challenges and prospects of the field.

Smart home is one of the most attractive application of Industry 4.0. This work proposes a smart system to conserve energy in smart home implementation using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed work is aimed to lessen the immaterial consumption of electricity in a smart home. The home is supplied with Arduino, sensors, and connected WSN. The model observes the movement within the house premises and controls the power cutoff decided by the control center connected via WSNs. To detect the motion, passive infrared (PIR) sensors are deployed. As the PIR sensor detects the motion into the room, the lights are automatically turned on and then, if no motion is observed after a threshold time, the lights are automatically switched off. In this manner, the wastage of electricity can be controlled. Experimental results show that the consumption of power can be decreased by at the rate of 40% with the proposed model in comparison to the situation in absence of any such smart control. The validation of proposed model shows that the proposed system is feasible, effective, and not so expensive to implement.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Internet of Things (IoT) are incredible instances of the technology paradigm and have brought about revolutionary changes in the communication, internet, and digital sectors coalesced into one and induced a landslide shift in the lifestyle of mankind. But the privacy concerns of the individuals can be trustfully and transparently addressed only by the use of ingenious contemporary technology, the Blockchain. Blockchain is a kind of distributed ledger technology that uses a peer-to-peer, distributed network to make a continuous, growing chain of time-stamped records to form a digital ledger. It is decentralized, which means that it can not be controlled by a central authority. It has numerous advantages like transparency, immutability, decentralization and can be incorporated in almost any sector of the society to increase the security of the transactions being carried out. This chapter predominantly focuses on the concepts of Blockchain and aims to do a comprehensive survey on its advantages and applications and also highlights the future prospects because even though it is so popular today, this technology is still in its infancy.

In ancient times, humans were much predisposed to utilizing their handcreated tools to finish any kind of work. From the last few years, businesses related to production have been expanding. People began to rely on tools, machines, and smart gadgets to process their work, as these kinds of tools help them to achieve their target in the given time. . Since the 18th century, the world has experienced a lot of revolutions in industry across the globe. This type of growth in technology has made a base for industrial revolutions. New technology was introduced called “blockchain.”Probably, blockchain technology is the most disruptive technology in the modern digital economy. The ability of blockchain technology has been greatly described in many research works, media, and majorly in the fields of finance and payment. One existing research is at the organizational stage, where it implements the architecture for internet safety as well as inconvertibility. “Industry 4.0” and “IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things)” are involved in its rising applications. Thus, in this paper, current applications of blockchain in IIoT as well as Industry 4.0 setups, existing open issues, modern application sectors, challenges related to IIoT, and their solutions are illustrated. The main focus of this paper is to empower and facilitate research in this field, which will help the developers in blockchain acquisition as well as investment in the “Industry 4.0” and “Industrial Internet of Things” space.

A blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked together using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. It is a decentralized, distributed and public digital ledger that is used to record transactions across many computers called nodes. Blockchain, in collaboration with the technologies like Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, Big data, etc., provides more effective outcomes by minimizing manpower with an increase in its feasibility. IoT is all about expanding the power of the internet beyond computers and smartphones to a whole range of other things, processes, and environments. Our day-to-day life can be made interesting with the applications of IoT-enabled devices in the home, agriculture, logistics, industries, healthcare sectors, and so on. They can be combined with the disciplines like data collection, management of huge data, storage of data, data analytics, etc. These IoT devices are embedded with sensors that are vulnerable to hackers and malware. At present, we cannot give complete assurance of the security of the access and data associated with the devices as it is possible for an intruder to misuse or mishandle the scheduled process. But, in association with blockchain technology, we can acquire solutions for problems related to security.

Global progress in terms of technology involves dumb physical objects that communicate and solve intelligent species problems for us. The thrilling world of the 'network of things' or the Internet of Things (IoT) is certainly a safe place to feel and fulfill our needs. Communication technologies for machine-to-machine(M2M) enable autonomous networking between devices without human intervention. Such autonomous control is of vital importance for a range of Internet of Things (IoT) implementations, including smart manufacturing applications, healthcare systems, and home automation, to name a few. The Internet of Things has attracted almost everyone's attention because of its ability to track and influence the environment. One of the key features of any IoT system is its ability to connect and exchange data with other devices. In particular, IoT devices are using wireless networking to communicate with other devices. In this test, it tells us how IoT technology can communicate with our lives. The proposed method uses Secured IoT Model for Efficient Data Transmission using Blockchain Technique(SIoTM- EDTB) to provide security to the data during transmission. The proposed model is compared with the traditional method, and the results depict that the proposed model exhibits better performance.

Technology is becoming an indispensable part of our lives. It plays an important role in health, banking, and education. Organizations have started adopting these technological developments to satisfy customer needs. The rise of the Over-th- -Top (OTT) digital platforms has created an economic platform in which the digital content, services, and offerings are facilitated by intermediaries and has changed the way of interaction. The blockchain serves as a means for creating a digital platform by creating trust among the intermediaries. Organizations should carry out innovative technology practices to be successful in a competitive environment. This chapter examines the gap between blockchain platforms and the role of the digital transformation process. It thereby provides researchers a holistic approach for studying the impact of blockchain on OTT platforms.

The development of nourishment and food is an essential requirement of nations for their affluence and welfare. Agriculture is the science and specialty of developing plants and livestock. In sedentary human civilization, agriculture plays a key role. The agribusiness needs to do a ton of work to keep up and fabricate the purchaser’s trust with regards to the food quality check. A blockchain-based agricultural arrangement holds a guarantee for the agro-business with its capacity to acquire clarity and transparency in the framework. Minimal effort agrarian protection plans are progressively seen as instruments for giving social assurance to the individuals influenced by floods or dry seasons. In assisting with the diminishing effects, they endure because of such occasions. Therefore, this chapter introduces the idea of blockchain technology, extensive literature survey, including a review of blockchain development in the nourishment sector followed by the cases in the food supply chain. This chapter presented various opportunities and an ideal architecture of how blockchain will function in the farming sector. Finally, the chapter concludes by featuring open research difficulties in this field.

The managing of unprecedented growth of data in the growing world is an important task. Knowing that the world is facing development in the numerical aspects and multiplicity of digital data that are normally produced by both consumers and technologies, dealing with this huge amount of data and finding the finest way to store, process, and organize it is necessary. This is the point where blockchain comes into the picture by providing significant inputs as it is the decentralized system for private data. Certainly, several industry experts are considering blockchain and its welfare for many improvements in different fields. Big Data is the recklessly rising sector in the ecosphere as every industry wants to get an understanding of the customs arrangements of their customers, where Big Data mentions huge datasets that are examined to divulge fundamental outlines using progressive statistical representations and data mining. The data produced is of petabytes range and when we are dealing with such a large range of datasets, problems related to it arise and not only collection of data is focused but security measures are also given extra importance, and proper care of produced data is taken so that no malicious action takes place.

Technologies shaping the future, Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, are the leading research topics in the computer science department. Every field like this is prone to attacks from hackers and adversaries, which is why there is a need for proper security method implementations. The current nature of the Internet of Things uses centralized servers for data collection and analysis requirements, which invites many security concerns. Similarly, big data deals with a huge amount of data that is processed and analyzed every day. The blockchain network can fill this need for a better security solution. Even though it is in its infancy but due to the features, such as Decentralization, Persistency, Anonymity, and Auditability, it is able to strengthen the security of the various IoT and big data applications. This paper discusses the security flaws in the existing centralized infrastructure used by the above technologies and presents the security solution to solve the flaws.