As a probabilistic law, the second law of thermodynamics needs to be
conceptualized in terms of the probabilities of events occurring at the microscopic
level. This determines the probability of occurrence for macroscopic phenomena. For
the best comprehension of this approach, it is necessary to distinguish between
“probabilities”, which are subjective predictions of an expected outcome, and
“frequencies”, which are objective observations of that outcome. This distinction is of
help to unravel some ambiguities in the interpretation of the second law of
thermodynamics.
Keywords: Boltzmann factor, Equal probability, Equiprobability, Frequencies,
Gibbs entropy, Isofrequency, Knowledge subjectivity, Maximum entropy,
Observation of facts, Predictions, Probabilities, Quantized space, Subject’s
uncertainty, Temporal spreading.