Systemic abnormalities are often seen in patients with liver diseases. Especially, cardiopulmonary or renal diseases complicated by advanced liver disease are sometimes serious and may determine the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Therefore, both hepatologists and non-hepatologists should pay attention to these abnormalities in the management of patients with liver diseases.
Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, liver injury, pulmonary disease, renal disease, thyroid disease.