A general introduction, history as well as major recent advances and
problems of paleoclimatology are presented, including paleoclimatology of stable
isotopes (13C, 18O), dendroclimatology, and the use of other climate proxies. An
estimation of advantages and shortcomings of various sources of the climatic
information is made. Moreover, the divergence issue between different proxies is
discussed. Long-term climatic oscillations, established by means of paleoclimatology
are also described.
Keywords: Dendroclimatology, paleoclimatology, stable isotopes.
