Bioresorbable polymers represent a valuable choice for the fabrication of
innovative scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, their actual ability to
support the regenerative process needs to be carefully assessed. The extracellular matrix
(ECM) is a complex functional structure providing specific cues and it should be
replicated to promote an effective tissue regeneration after implantation. In this regard,
electrospinning is a straightforward technique for the production of ECM-like scaffolds.
Natural polymers might be promising candidates due to cellular affinity, even if
affected by fast degradation and low mechanical stability. This limitation can be
overcome by means of a cross-linking process, giving a hydrogel-like behavior to the
final structure that can be usefully considered for the long-term release of drugs and
growth factors.
This chapter is aimed firstly to review the potential of cross-linked electrospun natural
polymers. Experimental results of the evaluation of cross-linked electrospun gelatin
scaffolds, as suitable substrates to be loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor, are
also herein presented.