The role of CSF cytochrome c levels and auditory event-related potentials
(AERPs) in the progress of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) is investigated. A study sample that consisted of fifty one MCI patients and
fourteen healthy individuals that underwent lumbar puncture at baseline was used and
their CSF cytochrome c levels were determined. CSF cytochrome c levels were reexamined
in 20 patients after a time period of 11 months. During this period five
patients progressed to AD. All patients underwent AERP examinations both at baseline
and follow-up. MCI patients were found to have significantly higher cytochrome c
levels compared to healthy controls (Mann-Whitney test, Z=-2.110, p=0.018). ADconverters,
had a higher increase over time in cytochrome c levels (Mann-Whitney test,
p=0.002; effect size r=0.63) and significantly prolonged N200 latency (Mann-Whitney
test, p<0.001; effect size r=0.50) compared to MCI stable patients. Amongst the ERP
wave characteristics that were studied, only N200 amplitude was significantly
correlated with CSF cytochrome c levels (rs=0.310, p=0.03). Both parameters could
discriminate AD converters from MCI stable patients, with sensitivity and specificity
>75%. When both N200 latency and cytochrome c increase were applied, the prediction
of the MCI patients who converted to AD was 100%.
Our results suggest that MCI to AD conversion is associated with a marked elevated
N200 latency at baseline and a high increase in cytochrome c levels during a relatively
short period of time, and that both parameters could be possibly considered as candidate
markers for the discrimination between AD converters and MCI stable patients.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease, auditory event-related potentials, cytochrome c,
mild cognitive impairment, N200 latency
