Diabetes is a major public health problem that is approaching epidemic
proportions globally. Worldwide the prevalence of chronic, non-communicable diseases
is increasing at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes
of mortality in persons with diabetes, and many factors, including hypertension,
contribute to this high prevalence of CVD. Hypertension is approximately twice as
frequent in patients with diabetes compared with patients without the disease.
Conversely, recent data suggest that hypertensive persons are more predisposed to the
development of diabetes than are normotensive persons. Co-existence of diabetes
mellitus and hypertension increases the risk of macro- and micro-vascular
complications. In this review attempt has been made to explore the risk factors which
can be helpful to prevent hyperglycemia and related manifestation of Type 2 diabetes.
Both biochemical and genetic diagnostic markers identified till now have been
catalogued to describe the status of pathogenesis in hyperglycemic subjects.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Biochemical
risk factors, Genetic susceptibility.