This chapter describes the membrane materials currently used in applications of aqueous
nanofiltration. The focus will be on the following materials: polyamide, polysulfone, and ceramics.
Methods for the synthesis of such membranes will be described. Although these groups of materials
comprise most of the (commercially) available nanofiltration membranes, other (experimental)
materials for manufacturing of nanofiltration membranes will be discussed as well. Furthermore, new
developments in fine-tuning membranes or enhancing membrane performances (flux increase, fouling
resistance, catalytic activities) will be described, including chemical modifications of membrane
structures, and the addition of nanoparticles to polymeric and ceramic membranes.
Keywords: Nanofiltration, polymeric membranes, ceramic membranes, membrane synthesis, chemical
modification, nanoparticles.
