Kidney diseases are broadly classified into acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.
They collectively affect approximately 10% of the adult population in the United States and worldwide,
and represent a major issue of public health. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney
diseases becomes more advanced, various new mechanistically-based therapeutic strategies for treating
these diseases have been developed. This chapter summarizes experimental and clinical evidence
supporting a causative role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of both acute kidney injury and
chronic kidney disease. It also discusses the recent development of antioxidant-based intervention of
kidney disorders.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, Antioxidant intervention, Chronic kidney disease, Nephrotoxicity,
Oxidative stress, Reactive nitrogen species, Reactive oxygen species, Renal diseases.