Alzheimer's disease is a monogenic brain illness that impairs thinking,
remembrance, judgment, and focus, making it difficult for an individual to carry out
regular responsibilities. Drug delivery to the brain is necessary for the effective
treatment of diseases of the CNS, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, meningitis,
migraine, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. However, because the BloodBrain Barrier (BBB) separates the Central Nervous System (CNS) from the rest of the
body, this remains a challenging area to manage. The blood-brain barrier and additional
barriers to oral and other routes, such as decreased bioavailability, quick metabolism,
rapid excretion, and drug breakdown by enzymes and stomach juices, make it difficult
to transfer drugs to the brain. Promising drug delivery strategies for the efficient nasal
delivery of anti-Alzheimer medications with enhanced permeability and bioavailability
include lipid particle systems, emulsion-based systems, vesicular drug delivery
systems, and other nanocarriers. Effective and targeted drug administration via the
nasal route is influenced by charge, size, neurotherapeutic type, and formulation
excipients. One of the cutting-edge approaches to brain targeting being explored to
overcome the limitations of oral and other modes of administration is the nose-to-brain
medication delivery device. A promising substitute for administering medications and
enhancing the therapy of Alzheimer's disease is the intranasal route, through the
olfactory and trigeminal pathways in the nasal cavity. Intranasal delivery provides a
direct channel to the brain. Nasal physiology, however, can restrict bioavailability and
impede drug absorption. Despite being limited by the particular circumstances of the nasal canal, intranasal administration has become a viable option. Using
nanotechnology-based nano-carriers for intranasal delivery is a novel strategy. By
offering increased bioavailability, greater permeability, efficient blood-brain barrier
traversal, prolonged retention inside the body, and precise brain targeting, this
approach may be able to get past the present restrictions. Therefore, it is necessary to
use technical solutions to maximize the physicochemical features of formulations.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Blood-brain barrier, Intranasal administration, Lipid particulate systems, Novel approaches.
