Mechanochemistry has garnered considerable attention as a potent, longlasting, efficient, eco-friendly, and economical synthesis technique for creating new
functional materials. This method is based on physicochemical reactions that are
accelerated by mechanical force using milling and grinding. Mechanochemical
synthesis is described as a chemical reaction that occurs through the absorption of
mechanical energy. To facilitate chemical reactivity, reactions are carried out by
grinding the reagents using ball-mill devices, such as vibrating, planetary, tumbler ballmills, or single-screw devices, which employ mechanical forces. This technique is
reported for the practical, solvent-free synthesis of superhydrophobic surfaces using a
mechanochemical approach. One-step mechanochemical grafting was employed to
generate thiol-functionalized montmorillonite, resulting in covalent organic
frameworks (COFs) with excellent iodine capture properties as adsorbents. MOFs
comprise the following widely used structures: ZIF-8, HKUST-1, MIL-101, UiO-66,
and MOF-5. These approaches are used to prepare bio-inspired metal–organic
frameworks, novel metallopharmaceuticals and metallodrugs, phenol hydrazone
derivatives, cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) polymers, copper oxide nanoparticles,
and silver nanoparticles for antibacterial activity; to perform mechanoactivation of
silicon to synthesize alkoxysilanes; to synthesize heterocyclic derivatives using a ball
mill; to produce pharmaceutical cocrystals; and to synthesize catalysts. The
distinguishing features of mechanochemical processes over solution-based chemistry
include more selective reactions, which allow for simpler work-up procedures.
Keywords: Ball mill, COF, Green grafting, Mechanochemistry, MOF, Nanoparticles.
