The desire for more ecologically friendly and sustainable synthetic
techniques is driving an increasing amount of interest in the use of green solvents in
grafting operations. Green solvents are safer and more environmentally friendly than
standard solvents like toluene, since they are renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic.
The creation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which have a wide range of uses in
many industries, requires specialized grafting procedures. In these reactions, the
solvent selection is crucial since it affects the process's efficiency, safety, and
environmental sustainability. Although they are often utilized, traditional solvents like
toluene carry serious dangers to human health and the environment. Investigating green
solvents that are non-toxic, renewable, and biodegradable is therefore becoming more
and more important.
The several kinds of green solvents that can be utilized in grafting procedures are
highlighted in this abstract, including:
Bio-sourced Solvents: A sustainable substitute for conventional solvents, these
solvents come from renewable biomass sources. Dimethyl carbonate, (+)-limonene,
(−)-β-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) are a few examples.
Ionic Liquids: Ionic liquids are a family of low-volatility solvents made completely of
ions. They may be employed in a wide variety of pressures and temperatures and are
quite successful in grafting reactions.
Deep Eutectic Solvents: These solvents are created by combining two or more lowmelting-point substances. They are a sustainable substitute for conventional solvents
and are very successful in grafting reactions.
Supercritical Fluids: Gases that are above their critical temperature and pressure are
known as supercritical fluids. They provide a sustainable substitute for conventional
solvents and can be utilized as solvents in grafting reactions.
Green Synthetic Organic Solvents: These biodegradable solvents come from
sustainable resources. Solvents such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) and
dimethyl carbonate are ex:amples. These green solvents can be used in various grafting
techniques, including:
Free Radical Grafting: In order to start the grafting reaction, free radicals are used in
this procedure. It has been demonstrated that green solvents such as
MeTHF and (+)-α-pinene work well with this method.
Ionic Grafting: This method transfers organic functionalities onto inorganic substrates
by using ionic liquids as solvents.
“Click” Chemistry Grafting: This method transfers organic functionalities onto
inorganic substrates by use of click chemistry processes. It has been demonstrated that
green solvents such as dimethyl carbonate and MeTHF work well in this method.
In addition, green solvents are being used in solvothermal synthesis for the surface
organosilylation of hierarchical nanozeolites. This approach offers a low-hazard and
effective method for the synthesis of these materials, which have potential applications
in various fields.
Overall, the use of green solvents in grafting processes is an emerging area of research,
with significant potential for improving the sustainability and environmental impact of
these reactions.
Keywords: Eco-friendly, Green solvents, Grafting, Organic solvents, Solvothermal synthesis.
