The polymer system and its chemistry have their roots in the systematic
study of applied chemistry. Despite its origins in the last century's changes in climate
and environmental pollution, polymer and green chemistry have become a hot topic for
chemists. The polymer industry plays a significant role in applied chemistry as
polymers have become omnipresent. Polymer grafting is a unique technique that
enhances the chemical, morphological, biocompatibility, and physical properties,
thereby improving the potential of polymers in terms of conduction and various
properties beyond charge transport. A polymer’s base activity can be enhanced by
further conjugation with copolymers or by grafting. The grafting procedure can
enhance the desired properties of the parent polymer and the activity of natural or
synthetic polymers without altering their core nature. By this technique, the polymer
backbone gains new properties from grafting different monomers like improved
elasticity, ion exchange, hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, heat resistance, absorption
of water, chemosensitivity, pH sensitivity, antibacterial effect, dye adsorption
capabilities, etc. This chapter also covers the effectiveness and advantages of the
polymer grafting approaches with their various applications in different fields. For the
environment's safety, the solutions used in the solution polymerisation technique often
face issues due to their viscosity and heat transfer. The central issue faced is removing
solvent from the polymer, which requires intensive energy consumption methods like
distillation. Since not all polymerization techniques can be performed using greener
solvents, chemists are working to find alternative routes and safer solvents to minimize
waste and help save the environment for such polymers.
Keywords: Biocompatibility, Grafting, Green chemistry, Monomers, Pollution, Polymer.
