Autoimmune disease is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly
damages healthy cells in the human body. There are different types of autoimmune
diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis,
Sjögren’s syndrome, Type-I diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis (MS),
myasthenia gravis, etc. Biomarkers are used to determine disability progression,
monitor ongoing disease activity, and measure treatment response. Thus, these
biomarkers are required to decide the therapy for the treatment of autoimmune
diseases. Different types of biomarkers, such as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic
biomarkers, predictive biomarkers, monitoring biomarkers, emerging biomarkers, etc.,
are used in the diagnosis and treatment of different autoimmune diseases. The ideal
biomarker can act as a diagnostic tool and monitoring method to determine the efficacy
of therapeutic agents. This chapter encompasses the types of autoimmune diseases and
the classification of biomarkers in autoimmune diseases. It also includes applications of
biomarkers in autoimmune diseases, as well as challenges and future prospects in
biomarker research for autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the integration of
biomarker-based strategies into clinical practice is explored, emphasizing their utility in
improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing adverse effects. This review highlights
the importance of biomarker research in advancing the understanding and management
of autoimmune diseases.
Keywords: Autoimmune diseases, Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Rheumatoid arthritis.
