This narrative review examines contemporary predictive biomarkers and
therapeutic interventions in the management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD),
including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The literature was retrieved
from databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using
keywords such as “Inflammatory bowel disease,” “biomarkers,” and “therapeutic
interventions,” with inclusion criteria focusing on peer-reviewed human studies
published till 2025. The review critically examines conventional and emerging
treatments, including antibiotics, TNF inhibitors, probiotics, prebiotics, microbial
replacement therapy, nutritional interventions, immunomodulators, and cell adhesion
molecule inhibitors. It also synthesizes current findings on predictive biomarkers,
including microbial profiles, genetic polymorphisms, hematological indicators,
immune mediators, fecal markers, and anti-drug antibodies, that influence therapeutic
response. Major trends indicate a growing emphasis on personalized medicine through
biomarker-guided therapy. However, challenges such as clinical variability, biomarker
accessibility, and standardization remain. This review underscores the need for
integrated, biomarker-based approaches to enhance treatment efficacy and patient
outcomes in IBD.
Keywords: Biomarkers, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Gastrointestinal tract, Inflammatory bowel disease.
