The burgeoning demand for sustainable and renewable energy solutions has
accelerated advancements in Nanogenerators (NGs) based on polymers. These
innovative devices harness piezoelectric, triboelectric, and pyroelectric effects for
energy harvesting, offering transformative solutions in wearable electronics,
biomedical applications, and the Internet of Things (IoT). With their unique ability to
convert mechanical and thermal energies into electrical power, polymer-based
nanogenerators exemplify the synergy between nanotechnology and material science.
This review delves into the evolution of these devices over the last two decades,
highlighting key advancements in materials, fabrication techniques, and application
domains. Additionally, challenges such as scalability, energy conversion efficiency,
and environmental impact are discussed alongside strategies for addressing these
limitations. By emphasizing the sustainable potential of polymer-based nanogenerators,
this work aims to provide insights into their role in the future of energy technology and
their application in diverse fields, from healthcare to smart cities.
Keywords: Energy harvesting, IoT applications, Piezoelectric effect, Polymer-based nanogenerators, Sustainable technology
