Radiation safety and dose optimisation are paramount concerns in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. As the field continues to advance with new technologies and applications, the imperative to minimise radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy becomes increasingly critical. This chapter explores the latest developments in radiation safety and dose optimisation, focusing on three key areas: new technologies for radiation dose reduction, personalised dosimetry approaches, and regulatory updates and best practices. The chapter begins by examining cutting-edge technologies designed to reduce radiation exposure in both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. These include advanced detector technologies, novel reconstruction algorithms, and hybrid imaging modalities that synergistically combine different imaging techniques to minimise overall radiation burden. Personalised dosimetry approaches are then discussed, highlighting the shift from population-based models to individualised assessments that account for patient-specific factors. The chapter explores advanced imaging techniques, computational methods, and biokinetic modelling that enable more accurate estimation of radiation doses to target tissues and organs at risk. Finally, the chapter reviews recent regulatory updates and emerging best practices in radiation safety. This includes an overview of current international guidelines, strategies for implementing the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, and practical considerations for radiation protection of patients, healthcare workers, and the public. Throughout the chapter, the potential impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on radiation safety and dose optimisation is considered, pointing towards a future of more efficient, precise, and patient-tailored nuclear medicine procedures. By providing a comprehensive overview of these critical aspects, this chapter aims to equip nuclear medicine professionals with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the complex landscape of radiation safety and dose optimisation in the modern era.
Keywords: Radiation safety, dose optimization, personalized dosimetry, ALARA, nuclear medicine.
