The use of biomass for chemical changes and catalysis is one of the causes
that may mitigate the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Biomass,
which is a product of photosynthesis and the only carbon-based renewable resource,
can be engineered into useful liquid fuels and other fine chemicals. In this regard, this
innovation is of high importance in the promotion of carbon neutralization and
sustainable green industrial development. Biomass catalytic conversion encompasses
several steps in the chemical processes oriented towards the production of useful
chemicals and fuels with less energy effort. The search for new materials and
technologies for catalysts is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of biomass
processing. Innovative catalysts can be a game changer for new processes, including
lignin degradation, cellulose hydrolysis, biofuel production, etc., in the efforts to
provide cleaner energy. Research is currently being carried out to develop catalysts that
are both highly selective and environmentally friendly and improve the conditions
under which biomass is converted. It aims to offer a complete understanding of the
chemical processes that underlie bioenergy use, while providing innovative ideas for
surface and interface designs. Ultimately, converting biomass into forms amenable for
use besides supporting energy security can assist in addressing some of the urgent
social ills that come with reliance on fossil fuel energy sources.
Keywords: Biomass, Heterogeneous catalysts, Solid catalysis, Sustainability.
