Cancer manifests itself differently in each patient due to various genetic
abnormalities that allow cancer to develop in vulnerable cells. The most common
method of treating brain tumours is surgery; however, complete removal is challenging
due to the tumor's invasiveness and lack of clear boundaries. Effective brain tumortargeted drug delivery requires careful consideration of numerous factors, including the
tumour microenvironment, tumour cells, and the obstacles involved in the process, as
brain tumours differ significantly from peripheral tumours owing to their complex
oncogenesis. Physiological barriers like the Blood-Brain Tumour Barrier (BBTB) and
overexpressed efflux pumps prevent the drugs from penetrating tumours. Optimising
the medication distribution volume allows for effective intraventricular infusion by
preventing backflow. Research suggests that during interstitial infusion, fluid
convection, rather than simple diffusion, maintains a pressure gradient that enhances
the distribution of both large and small molecules in cancerous and brain tissues. As
nanoparticles can cross the porous blood-brain barrier, this is one potential method of
drug delivery to brain tumours. When treating many tumour antigens at once, a vaccine
is often the most effective approach. Instead of designing several CAR structures, it is
far more practical to include multiple peptides into a vaccine formulation. In recent
times, there has been an unexpected rise in the appeal of cell treatments, which now
rank as the third most promising experimental treatment strategy for cancer.
Keywords: Brain tumour, Cerebrospinal fluid, Clinical trials, Glioma, Intraarterial, Intracerebroventricular, Microdialysis, Monoclonal antibody, Nanocarriers, Nanoparticles, Oncogenesis, P-glycoprotein, Prodrugs, Sonoporation, Tumour barrier, Vaccine, Viruses.
