Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) stands out as one of the most common
endocrine and metabolic disorders, showcasing a range of clinical symptoms like
polycystic ovaries, heightened androgen production, irregular menstrual cycles,
ovulation irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Furthermore, it has
been linked to chronic low-grade inflammation. The development of PCOS involves
multiple factors, and among them, Oxidative Stress (OS) and low-grade chronic
inflammation play a crucial role. These two factors have a profound influence on the
normal functioning of reproductive organs, particularly in terms of follicular
development and the pathogenesis of PCOS. The abnormal function of Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS) and inflammatory markers directly affects the progression of
PCOS and its impact on reproductive health. Patients with PCOS exhibit notably higher
levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers compared to healthy
individuals, suggesting a relationship between elevated oxidative stress and the
progression of PCOS. This chapter provides an overview of significant oxidative
markers and inflammatory molecules associated with PCOS, particularly in the context
of coexisting conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism.
Additionally, the potential implications of oxidative stress on immune function are
briefly addressed.
Keywords: CVD, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase activity, Homocysteine, Insulin resistance, Inflammation, Low-grade inflammation, Lipid peroxidation, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative stress, Obesity, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, Reactive oxygen species, Superoxide dismutase.
